Notes to Chapter 1he published books of motets as well as Dialoghi da Cantarsi et Concertarsi (Venice, 1608).
Carlo Gesualdo (1560–1613) wrote penitential music, the Responsoria (1611), as well as
Sacrae Cantiones for five, six, and seven voices (1603). Antonio Cifra (1584–1629) was a
prolific composer of monodies; his Sacrae Cantiones (Venice, 1638) was published the
year before Milton’s visit. That same year Monteverdi (1567–1643) published his eighth
book of madrigals, Madrigali Guerrieri, et Amorosi (Venice, 1638), some with solo, vir-
tuoso parts.
84 In Of Education Milton recommends that the students in his ideal academy learn directly
from various practitioners, including anatomists (CPW II, 394).
85 See especially Ready and Easie Way (CPW VII, 371–4).
86 Evelyn, Diary, II, 431–2. For the widespread view of Venice as the embodiment of the
ancient republican ideal articulated especially by Polybius, Cicero, and Machiavelli, see
Zera S. Fink, The Classical Republicans (Evanston, Ill., 1962), 28–51; for the political
theory articulated to defend its government, especially by Paolo Sarpi, see Tuck, Phi-
losophy and Government, 94–102.
87 Salvatorelli, Concise History of Italy, 420–3.
88 See Of Reformation, CPW I, 581, 585; Areopagitica, CPW II, 501–13.
89 Diary, II, 488–9. Speaking of Verona he also declared that “here, of all places I have
seen in Italy, would I fix a residence.”
90 Evelyn, Diary, II, 491. The usual route to Milan from Verona led by the towns of Castel
Nuovo, San Marco, Brescia, Ponte di San Pietro, and Cologno Monzese; it was plagued
with highwaymen and gypsy predators. See A. M. Cinquemani, “Through Milan and
the Pennine Alps,” Milton in Italy, ed. Di Cesare, 51.
91 Cinquemani, “Through Milan and the Pennine Alps,” 51–60.
92 Evelyn, Diary, II, 501.
93 Ibid., II, 508–11.
94 Masson, I, 832.
95 The Diodatis did not then own the house now known as the Villa Diodati, which
Byron later occupied. The cause of Charles’s death was perhaps plague or smallpox,
since he and his sister Philadelphia, lodging in the same London house, died within days
of each other. Philadelphia was buried on August 10 and Charles on August 27. See
Donald C. Dorian, The English Diodatis (New York, 1939), 174.
96 “Coelum non animam muto dum trans mare curro,” p. 110. Cerdogni’s album is in the
Houghton Library, Harvard (XI.3.43).
97 His purchases may have included the five-volume edition of Jacques-Auguste de Thou’s
Historia sui Temporis (Geneva, 1620).
98 If he bought books in France, either going or coming, they might have included the
collected works of Basil and Gregory of Nyssa, Phillipe de Commines’s Memoires, Bernard
di Girard’s Histoire de France, and André du Chesne’s Histoire Génerale d’Angleterre, d’Escosse,
et d’Irelande. See Campbell, Chronology, 67. For editions Milton used, or may have used,
see bibliography.
99 Milton states that he was away about 15 months, and that he arrived home “at almost
the same time as Charles broke the peace and renewed the war with the Scots” (CPW
IV.1, 620). In fact, the actual outbreak of that war (the Second Bishops’ War) was
almost a year later, on August 20, 1640. This may be a simple mistake in dating, or,
more likely, it indicates Milton’s sense that almost from the outset Charles was sabotag-
Notes to Chapter 4