public opinion about crime,2: 657
racial bias and death penalty,2:670–671
trends in juvenile offenders,1:432–433
Race, impact on juries, 2:667–670
Racial bias
causes of,2: 671
death penalty and,2:670–671
of jury,2:669–670
statistical analysis of,2: 671
Racial bias and death penalty, 2:670–671
Radelet, Michael,2: 869
Raine, Adrian,1: 156
Ramsey, Jon Benet,1: 307
Rape. SeeSexual assault
Rape trauma syndrome(RTS),2:672–674
defined,2:672–673
expert testimony on,2:673–675
Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offense Recidivism
(RRASOR), 2:510,2:674–675
development of,2: 674
reliability and validity of,2:674–675
use of,2: 675
Rapists, attachment issues of,1: 6
Rational item selection,1: 353
Rational Recovery Program,2: 776
Raye, Carol,1: 203
R–CRAS (Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales).
SeeRogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales
(R–CRAS)
Read, Daniel,1:282,2: 853
Reality monitoring (RM), detection of deception by,1:203–204
Reasonable accommodation,1:24,1:25–26
Rebuttable assumption,1: 157
Recap bias,2: 845
Recidivism
victim-offender mediation and,2: 839
See alsoSex offender recidivism
Reconstructive memory, 2:675–678
false memories,1:310–313,2:609,2:676,2: 691
forensic implications of,2: 678
history of,2: 676
postevent information,2:677–678
process of,2:676–677
self-serving memories,2: 678
Reconstructive mental state evaluation (RMSE),2: 638
Recovered memories. SeeRepressed and recovered memories
Recovered memory therapy (RMT),1:311,1: 312
Rees v. Peyton,1:124–125
Refusal of life-sustaining interventions,1: 255
Regents of the University of California, Tarasoff v.,2: 850
Regina v. M’Naghten,2: 511
Regina v. Oxford,1: 162
Reid, John,1:379,2: 598
Reid technique for interrogations, 1:379–381,2:678–681
assumptions underlying,2: 679
nine-step process,2:679–680
use with innocent suspects,2: 680
Reilly, Peter,1: 308
Reiser, Martin,2: 577Relapse prevention
for sexual offenders,2: 731
substance abuse,2: 777
Relevant-Irrelevant Test (RIT),2: 598
Religion and death penalty, 2:681–683
religion in deliberation,2: 683
use of religion by judges,2: 683
use of religion by lawyers,2:682–683
voir dire,2:681–682
Repeated recall, 2:684–685
Reporting crimes and victimization, 2:685–688
absolute reporting rates,2:685–686
AMBER Alert system,1:19–20
bystander reporting,2:687–688
process of reporting,2:686–687
reasons for reporting or not reporting,2: 686
social influence and,2: 687
Repressed and recovered memories, 2:688–691,2: 750
adverse effects of,2:689–690
alternative explanations,2: 691
case histories,2: 691
false memories,2: 691
media contribution to,2:688–689
research on,2:690–691
statute of limitations,2: 689
Response latency in eyewitness identification, 2:692–693
Restorative justice,2:629,2: 843
Retention interval and eyewitness memory, 2:693–694
Retributive justice,2:628,2:660,2: 661
Retrieval-induced forgetting,2: 685
Return-to-work evaluations, 2:695–698
Retzlaff, Paul,2: 504
Revised Legal Attitudes Questionnaire (RLAQ–23),2: 447
Rice, M. E.,2: 729
Riggins v. Nevada,1:121,1: 326
Right of allocution,1: 117
Right of testation,2: 798
Rights waiver. SeeCapacity to waive rights
Right to counsel,1: 125
Right to die
legal history of,1:255–256
See alsoEnd-of-life issues
Right to refuse medication,1: 326
Right to refuse treatment,2:545–546
Right to treatment,2: 545
Ring v. Arizona,1: 7
Risinger, Michael,2: 870
Risk assessment approaches, 2:698–701
juvenile offenders,1:435–438
structured risk assessment,2:699–701
unstructured risk assessment,2:698–699
See alsoJuvenile offender assessment; Mental health
screening; Sex offender assessment; Violence risk
assessment
Risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) principle,1: 101
Risk-Sophistication-Treatment Inventory (RSTI), 2:701–702
description of,2: 701
development of,2:701–702
reliability and validity of,2: 702I-32———Encyclopedia of Psychology and LawIndex-Cutler (Encyc) Vol-2-45463.qxd 11/18/2007 12:44 PM Page 32