TABLE 7.1
Four types of states
State dimensions
Modern state
Postmodern state
Weak postcolonial state
Modernizing state
Government
A centralized system of
Multilevel governance in
Inefficient and corrupt
The modernizing states
democratic rule, based on a
several interlocked arenas
administrative and institutional
combine features of the
set of administrative, policing
overlapping each other.
structures. Rule based on
modern, the postmodern and
and military organizations,
Governance in context of
coercion rather than the rule
the weak postcolonial state.
sanctioned by a legal order,
supranational, international,
of law. Monopoly on the
claiming a monopoly of the
transgovernmental and
legitimate use of violence not
legitimate use of force, all
transnational relations.
established.
within a defined territory.
Nationhood
A people within a territory
Identities less exclusively
Predominance of local/ethnic
Brazil, China, India, and
making up a community of
national. Collective identities
community. Weak bonds of
Russia are major examples
citizens (with political, social
‘above’ and ‘below’ the nation
loyalty to state and low level
of modernizing states.
and economic rights) and a
reinforced. Transformation of
of state legitimacy. Local
community of sentiment
citizenship. Less coherent
community more important
based on cultural and historical
‘community of citizens’.
than national community.
bonds. Nationhood involves ahigh level of cohesion, bindingnation and state together.