Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996);
Robert D. Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy: Shattering the Dreams of the Post Cold War(New
York: Random House, 2000); Robert Kagan, ‘End of dreams, return of history’, Policy
Review, August–September 2007, available at: http://www.hoover.org/publications/
policyreview/8552512.html (accessed 11 November 2009); Anne-Marie Slaughter, A
New World Order(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004).
3 Stephen D. Krasner, ‘International political economy: abiding discord’, Review of
International Political Economy, 1(1), p. 13.
4 Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘Reflections on Theory of International Politics: a response to my
critics’, in Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics(New York: Columbia
University Press, 1986), p. 329.
5 I have worked with the issues taken up here in previous writings; they include Georg
Sørensen, ‘Development as a Hobbesian dilemma’, Third World Quarterly, 17 (5), 1996,
pp. 903–16; Changes in Statehood: The Transformation of International Relations(Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2001); The Transformation of the State: Beyond the Myth of Retreat
(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004); ‘After the security dilemma: the challenges of
insecurity in weak states and the dilemma of liberal values’, Security Dialogue, 38 (3), 2007,
pp. 357–78; and ‘The case for combining material forces and ideas in the study of IR’,
European Journal of International Relations, 14 (1), 2008, pp. 5–32. Some formulations in
what follows draw on these works.
6 Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘International politics is not foreign policy’,Security Studies, 6 (1),
1996, p. 57.
7 Robert Jervis, ‘Cooperation under the security dilemma’, World Politics, 30, January 1978,
p. 169.
8 John Mearsheimer, ‘The false promise of international institutions’, in M.E. Brown,
S.M. Lynn-Jones, and S.E. Miller (eds), The Perils of Anarchy(Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 1995). p. 337.
9 Waltz, ‘Reflections on Theory’, p. 329.
10 Stephen D. Krasner, ‘Realism, imperialism, and democracy: a response to Gilbert’,
Political Theory, 30 (1), 1992, p. 40.
11 Birthe Hansen and Bertel Heurlin (eds), The New World Order: Contrasting Theories
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000).
12 Krasner, ‘Realism, imperialism’, p. 41.
13 Barry Buzan, ‘Will the “global war on terrorism” be the new Cold War?’, International
Affairs, 82 (6), 2006, p. 1101.
14 Colin Gray, ‘World politics as usual after September 11: realism vindicated’, in Ken
Booth and Tim Dunne (eds), Worlds in Collision(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002),
p. 231; for a similar view, see Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘The continuity of international
politics’, in Booth and Dunne, Worlds in Collision, pp. 348–53.
15 John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, ‘An unnecessary war’, Foreign Policy,
January/February 2003, pp. 51–54.
16 Charles Krauthammer, ‘Democratic realism’, 2004 Irving Kristol Lecture, available at:
http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.19912,filter.all/pub_detail.asp (accessed 11
November 2008).
17 Waltz, ‘Reflections on Theory’, p. 341; Waltz has indeed been quite critical of the
George W. Bush administration.
18 Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘Structural realism after the Cold War’, in G. John Ikenberry (ed.),
America Unrivalled: The Future of the Balance of Power(Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
2002),
pp. 51, 54.
19 Christopher J. Fettweis, ‘Evaluating IR’s crystal balls: how predictions of the future have
withstood fourteen years of unipolarity’, International Studies Review, 6 (1), 2004,
pp. 79–105; T.V. Paul James, J. Wirtz and Michael Fortmann, (eds), Balance of Power:
Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004);
Ikenberry, America Unrivalled.
Structural realism and changes in statehood 121