Cities of God: The Religion of the Italian Communes 1125-1325

(Darren Dugan) #1

 444 Epilogue


the scaffold being prepared for the execution.^162 At San Martino, Donna


Tommasina di Bonaiolo suggested that the inquisitor was himself a heretic


and that those who gave alms to the friars would have a year of bad luck.^163


Bologna being a male-dominated society, this probably amounted to little


more than wishful thinking in the kitchen or at the water fountain, but such


feelings seem to have been prevalent throughout the city.


The mood of many in the city became obvious to the friars as they re-


turned home. Don Nicola di Guido de’ Borromei was sitting under the por-


tico of his house, a couple of blocks from the Palazzo Comunale, near San


Bartolo di Porta Ravennate, when a throng including three of his friends


arrived with news of the events in the piazza. A heated discussion ensued,


during which two Dominicans, Fra Giacomo Casotti and Fra Albergitto of


Bologna, passed by and overheard Nicola ranting against the inquisition and


in favor of the condemned. Someone said that if Bompietro had given the


friars £ 40 bon. as a payoff, they would not have condemned him, and that


it would be better if the friars were burned in his stead. The friars turned


Nicola in. He appeared before the tribunal on 14 May, and Fra Guido gave


him three days to prepare his defense.^164 Although Nicola then disappears


from our records, similar incidents multiplied as word spread. On the very


day of the sentence, one woman was overheard praising Bompietro and


damning the inquisitor and the friars to hell in the very church of San Do-


menico.^165


In the twenty-four hours that separated the condemnation from the exe-


cution, older grievances merged with the anger against the treatment of


Bompietro. Although it was forgotten during the clamor in the piazza, Fra


Guido had earlier that year begun the posthumous investigation of a woman


from the parish of San Tommaso del Mercato. Rosafiore di Nicola of Verona


was the widow of the well-known Cathar Bonigrino Delay, who had been


sent to the stake as relapsed on 12 September 1297 , the first execution re-


corded in the register.^166 She and her husband had been investigated in 1287


for receiving heretics and sentenced to wear crosses. Although her husband


relapsed into his old ways, Rosafiore watched herself. She seems to have


become close to her parish priest, Don Giacomo Benintendi, who visited her


when sick, heard her confession, and gave her Communion.^167 On 3 April



  1. Ibid., no. 438 , 1 : 260.

  2. Ibid., no. 155 , 1 : 166 – 67.

  3. On Nicola, see ibid., nos. 127 – 30 , 1 : 152 – 54.

  4. Ibid., no. 420 , 1 : 255 – 56.

  5. Ibid., no. 10 , 1 : 20 – 25 ; on Bonigrino and Rosafiore, see Paolini,Eresia, 96 – 110 , and id., ‘‘Boni-
    grino da Verona e sua moglie Rosafiore,’’Medioevo ereticale,ed. Ovidio Capitani (Bologna: Il Mulino,
    1977 ), 213 – 44. Bonigrino’s process and condemnation are continued inASOB,nos. 3 – 10 , 1 : 11 – 25. On the
    significance of Rosafiore’s legal condition as a ‘‘convicted’’ heretic, see O. Ruffino, ‘‘Ricerche sulla con-
    dizione giuridica degli eretici nel pensiero dei glossatori,’’Rivista di storia del diritto italiano 46 ( 1973 ): 30 – 190.

  6. Giacomo appears in the 1300 tithe list for Bologna as rector of San Tomasso; see Sella, ‘‘Diocesi
    di Bologna,’’ 107. He paid 30 s. bon., which suggests his parish was one of the larger in the city, although
    not among the largest.

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