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  1. Spring water: are occurrences of groundwater naturally
    issuing at points where the water table reaches the
    surface, or where the top-confining layer over the water
    bearing strata is broken. Springs are normally found at the
    foot of mountains and hills, in lower slopes of valleys, and
    near the banks of major rivers

  2. Hand dug wells: Are wells that have been dug in to the
    upper most permeable stratum only. They tap subsoil,
    which has been arrested by the first impermeable stratum.
    In shallow wells, the water level always stands with in
    “Sucking” distance of a pump located at the top of the well.
    (For detail section See figure 11.17)

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