See Congressional Budget Offi ce, “Menu of Social Security
Options,” May 25, 2005, http://www.cbo.gov/publication/16532?, for
a detailed account of the fi scal impact of the various proposals.
Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica
C. Smith, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage
in the United States: 2008,” U.S. Census Bureau, September
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ciation, The Fiscal Survey of States, Spring 2012 Washington,
DC, pp. vii–xi, http://www.nga.org/fi les/live/sites/NGA/fi les/pdf/
FSS1206.PDF, and national spending fi gures are from Con-
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ment Detail for CBO’s March 2012 Baseline, Washington, DC, http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/
43059_Medicaid.pdf (accessed 6/18/12).
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may be found at Department of Health and Human Services,
“Federal Financial Participation in State Assistance Expen-
ditures, FY 2009,” http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/fmap09.htm
(accessed 8/11/08).
Congressional Budget Offi ce, “Cost Estimates for H.R. 4872,
Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Final Health Care Legisla-
tion),” March 20, 2010, http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=11355
(accessed 9/24/12).
Gonzales v. Oregon, 546 U.S. 243 (2006).
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tance Nutrition Program: Program Data, Annual State Data
FY2007-2011.” http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/snapmain.htm (accessed
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Zachary A. Goldfarb, David Cho, and Binyamin Appelbaum,
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September 7, 2008, p. A1.
Peter Baker, “A Professor and a Banker Bury Old Dogma on
Markets,” New York Times, September 21, 2008, p. A1.
Renae Merle, “U.S. Stock Markets Soar on Financial Rescue
Plan,” Washington Post, September 19, 2008; Howard Schnei-
der, Neil Irwin, and Binyamin Appelbaum, “Treasury to Tem-
porarily Guarantee Money Market Funds,” Washington Post,
September 19, 2008.
Theda Skocpol, Social Policy in the United States: Future Pos-
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Skocpol, Social Policy in the United States, pp. 145–60.
David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People
in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York: Oxford Uni-
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and Michael P. Riccards, eds., The New Deal and Public Policy
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998).
Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times,
1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Irving
Berstein, Guns or Butter: The Presidency of Lyndon Johnson
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C.
Smith, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in
the United States: 2009,” September 2010, http://www.census.gov/
prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf, p. 14 (accessed 10/18/10).
Congressional Budget Offi ce, “Historical Eff ective Federal
Tax Rates: 1979 to 2005,” Summary Table 1, p. 6, December
2007 (accessed 8/8/08).
Eric J. Toder, Benjamin H. Harris, and Katherine Lim, “Dis-
tributional Eff ects of Tax Expenditure,” Tax Policy Center,
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Dean Baker, The Conservative Nanny State: How the Wealthy
Use the Government to Stay Rich and Get Richer, May 2006, http://www.conservative nannystate.org.
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Keeps 20 Million Americans Out of Poverty: A State-by-
State Analysis,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities,
August 11, 2010, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=3260
(accessed 9/16/10).
Social Security Administration, Offi ce of Retirement and Dis-
ability Policy, and Offi ce of Research, Evaluation, and Statis-
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policy/docs/chartbooks/fast_facts/2009/fast_facts09.pdf
(accessed 2/19/10).
