Table 1. Climate Typology (Continued)
Ko ̈ppen
code Climate name Climate characteristics Largest extent
Cwa Humid subtropical Summers warm to hot with plentiful
precipitation; winters dry with
temperatures sometimes below freezing
Southeastern
China-Northeastern
India
Cwb Humid subtropical Same as Cwa except for a cooler
summer
Southeastern
China-Northeastern
India
Cfb Marine west coast Many cloudy days with light
precipitation year round; moderate
summer and winter temperatures
Western Europe
Cfc Marine west coast Same as Cfb except for cooler summers Northern Europe
Dfa Humid Continental Hot summer, cold winter, year-round
precipitation
U.S. Midwest
Dfb Humid continental Summer briefer and winter colder than
Dfa; significant length of
snow cover
Western Russia
Dwa Humid continental Hot summer, cold winter, small amount
of winter precipitation
Southwestern Russia
Dwb Humid Continental Summer not as hot as Dwa, small
amount of winter precipitation;
significant length of snow cover
Southwestern Russia
Dfc Subarctic Moderate precipitation; summer
brief and cool
Northern Russia
Dfd Subarctic Moderate precipitation; summer
brief and cold
Northern Russia
Dwc Subarctic Winter very dry; summer brief
and cool
Eastern Siberia
Dwd Subarctic Winter very dry; summer brief
and cold
Eastern Siberia
ET Tundra Up to four months average above
freezing; modest precipitation
Northernmost
Eurasia
EF Polar ice cap No month averages above freezing;
very little precipitation
Antarctica
H Highland An accumulation of heterogeneous
mountain climates present with all the
other climate types; H climates are
found at all latitudes and are cooler and
moisture than their lowland surroundings
Tibetan Plateau