patient is assisted with psychotherapy, physiotherapy, and diet to recover strength and to
prepare the body for pharmacotherapy, based on the principle of allotherapy and aiming to
restore eukrasia. Aretaios’ conservative materia medica includes animal, vegetable, and mineral
products, prepared as in antecedent literature, and administered according to use (internal
or external) and the organ to be treated. According to Oberhelmann, Pneumaticism in
Aretaios is the “orthodox” theory at its zenith, before it evolved toward eclecticism.
Aretaios’ Hippokraticism seems more literary than medical: like the Hippokratic physicians,
he wrote in Ionic Greek.
An abundant Byzantine MS tradition transmitted Aretaios’ extant work (Diels 2 [1907]
17 – 19), first printed in Greek in 1554 (Paris, edition by Jacques Goupyl), and contributing to
the development of Morgagni’s (1682–1771) anatomico-pathological theory.
Ed.: C. Hude, Aretaeus, 2nd ed. = CMG 2 (1958); F. Adams, trans., The extant works of Aretaeus, the
Cappadocian (1856).
RE 2.1 (1895) 669–670, M. Wellmann; Idem (1895); Kudlien (1962); J. Stannard, “Materia Medica and
Philosophic Theory in Aretaeus,” Sudhoffs Archiv 18 (1964) 27–53 (reprinted in Pristina Medicamenta
[1999], #V); Fr. Kudlien, Untersuchungen zu Aretaios von Kappadokien (1963); Idem (1968) 1098; KP
1.529, Idem; DSB 1.235–236, Idem; A.D. Mouroudes, “Aretaios o Kappadokes; Analutike ̄ bibliogra-
fia,” Ellênika 36 (1986) 26–68; S. Oberhelmann, “On the Chronology and Pneumatism of Aretaeus
of Cappadocia,” ANRW 2.37.2 (1994) 941–966; G. Weber, Areteo di Cappadocia. Interpretazioni e aspetti
della formazione anatomo-patologica del Morgagni (1996); OCD3 152 – 153, W.D. Ross; BNP 1 (2002) 1051–
1052, V. Nutton.
Alain Touwaide
A ⇒ H.
Ariobarzane ̄s (1st c. BCE)
Medical writer, whom Philostratos (VS 1.19), identifying as a Sophist, calls a “Kilikian,”
probably the same Ariobarzanios credited with the invention of a special plaster against
cancers and sclerodermas, according to H in G, CMGen 4 (13.439 K.) and 14
(13.750–751 K.); the composition of this plaster is given by A T
(2.108–111, 388–389 Puschm.) and quoted by A A (6.89 [CMG 8.2, p. 234])
and P A (4.23.13 [CMG 9.1, p. 193], 7.17.22 [9.2, p. 353]).
Fabricius (1726) 82.
Antonio Panaino
Aristagoras (of Mile ̄tos?) (380 – 340 BCE)
Wrote a geographical work On Egypt cited by P 36.79, P Isis 5 (352F), A-
NA 11.10, D L 1.11, and S B.
FGrHist 608.
PTK
Aristaios (350 – 250 BCE)
P A (Collection 7.3), in discussing analysis and synthesis, refers to a set
of works by E, A, Aristaios “the elder,” and E, sup-
plementing the “common elements” of geometry as tools for solving geometric problems.
ARIOBARZANE ̄S