Definitiones medicae,” in P. Potter, G. Maloney and J. Desautels, edd., La maladie et les maladies dans la
Collection hippocratique. Actes du VIe Colloque international hippocratique (Québec, du 28 septembre au 3 octobre
1987) (1990) 255–264; A.D. Mauroudês, “Pseudo-galênikoi Oroi ston kôdika Vaticanus Palat.
gr. 199 ekdedomenoi ôs apospasmata tou Archigenê,” Epistêmonikê epetêrida tês filosofikês scholês tou
Aristoteleiou Panepistêmiou Thessalonikês, teuchos tmêmatos filologias 4 (1994) 203–223; K.-D. Fischer,
“Beiträge zu den pseudosoranischen Quaestiones medicinales,” in K.-D. Fischer, D. Nickel and
P. Potter, edd., Text and Tradition. Studies in Ancient Medicine and its Transmission presented to Jutta Kollesch
= SAM 18 (1998) 1–54.
Alain TouwaideGale ̄n, pseudo, Historia Philosopha (100 – 400 CE)
Doxographical survey from late antiquity, preserved with the works of the doctor G
and falsely attributed to him. It consists of 133 short chapters; §§ 25 – 133 are simply excerpts
from pseudo-P’s Epitome, cf. A; chapters 1–25 are also derived from the
doxographical tradition but are more independently shaped. The author claims no
independent effort and simply tried to put together a compendium of previous literature
for those who are “fond of learning.” The result is of no value as a source for ancient
philosophy and contains much misinformation.
Mansfeld and Runia (1996) 141–156.
Jørgen Mejer
Gale ̄n, pseudo, Introductio (130 – 170 CE)
The Eisago ̄ge ̄ e ̄ Iatros (Introduction or the Physician), attributed to G, is contained in some
40 Byzantine MSS (Diels 1 [1905] 100–101, and S. [1908] 34). It has been identified with
the Gale ̄nou Iatros, sold in a bookshop in Gale ̄n’s time: On My Own Works Pr.1 (ed.
Boudon [2007]; Mewaldt read Gale ̄nos Iatros). Wellmann (1903: 546 and 547, n.1) sug-
gested H (P.) as author; against which see Kudlien (1963: 253–254, and
1968: 1102).
It is a doxographical and partly historical introduction to medicine. After a brief chapter
on the discovery of medicine and its heuristic principles, the work presents the Rational,
Empiric and Methodist medical schools, and their main historical figures. The following
epistemological section discusses the scientific or practical nature of medicine, its very defin-
ition, and its constitutive parts. The elements constituting the body are then analyzed, and
the names and definitions of bodily parts are catalogued. The author then discusses the
internal parts of the body (anatomy), bones (osteology), and physiological fluids (humors,
etc.) with their function ( physiology) and dysfunction ( pathology). The author also surveys
diseases and therapeutics, starting with purgation and continuing with a general presenta-
tion of several medical formulas. The author returns to the examination of pathology, with
the specific diseases of the head, the skin, and conditions to be treated by surgery, including
bandages.
The work is encyclopedic, a compilation resulting from three different methods of collec-
tion and organization: definitions, catalogue, and history, with some Pneumaticist
material. In presenting the historical figures of the three schools, the text lists a fourth,
the Pneumaticist school, here divided into the episunthetic and eclectic schools, ascribed
to L and A A respectively (14.684 K.; contrast -
G, D. M.). The author mentions Athe ̄naios’ theory on physiology, recognizably
GALE ̄N, PSEUDO, INTRODUCTIO