The Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists: The Greek tradition and its many heirs

(Ron) #1

Kallimakhos Jr. of Kure ̄ne ̄ (260 – 230 BCE)


The son of Stase ̄no ̄r and Megatima ̄, the latter the sister of K, senior. He wrote
a geographical – perhaps paradoxographical – work On Islands: Souda K-228.


SH 309; BNP 2 (2003) 978 (#4), S. Fornaro.
PTK


Kallimorphos (ca 150 – 170 CE)


Surgeon of the 6th Pikemen, participated in Verus’ Parthian campaign, wrote a History of
Parthia (Lucian, How to Write History 16 [FGrHist 210]), claiming that “it is suitable for a
physician to write history, if Askle ̄pios is the son of Apollo, Apollo being leader of the
Muses and of all education.” Lucian criticizes his inconsistent style and use of dialects.
Gossen questions Kallimorphos’ existence, but the name is attested in Lucian’s era: LGPN
3A.232, 4.183.


RE 10.2 (1919) 1648–1649 (#1), F. Jacoby; and 1649 (#2), H. Gossen.
GLIM


Kallinikos (Pharm.) (20? – 90 CE)


A P., in G CMGen 7.7 (13.984 K.), records his ointment, based on
(or recorded among?) those of A P: clear bdellium, fresh beeswax,
gentian (see G), henbane seed, pepper, saffron, terebinth, etc.


Fabricius (1726) 107.
PTK


Kalliphane ̄s (250 BCE – 75 CE)


Possibly a writer of Thaumasia, consulted by P as an authority on Libyan hermaphrodites
(1.ind.3, 5.7.15).


RE 10.2 (1919) 1655, F. Jacoby.
Jan Bollansée, Karen Haegemans, and Guido Schepens


Kallippos of Kuzikos (350 – 320 BCE)


Follower of E and perhaps also P. He composed a parape ̄gma, pre-
served in G, Calendarium, and P, Phaseis, which divides the year symmetrically
into 12 months named after the zodiac with Sagittarius having 29 days and its six adjacent
signs having 30 days each, and with Gemini having 32 days and its four adjacent signs
having 31 days each. He divided the year (P. P G 1 for the first three
numbers): summer (92 days), fall (89 days), winter (90 days), spring (94 days). With summer
beginning with the start of Cancer and every season being exactly three months, the two
systems are coordinated. He also established a 76 year cycle, which reduces the solar year of
M of 365^5 / 19 days (or 6,940 days in 19 years) to 365 ¼ or 6,939^3 / 4 days (hence four
times the period will yield a whole number, 27,769 days). The Metonic system yielded a
19-year cycle of 6,940 days resulting in an error of one day every four cycles or 1¼ days in
95 years. Kallippos began the calendar on 1 Hekatombaion (June 28, 330 BCE), when the


KALLIMAKHOS JR. OF KURE ̄NE ̄
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