Ed.: FGrHist 124.
Robinson (1953) 1.45–77; Pearson (1960) 22–49; A.B. Bosworth, “Aristotle and Callisthenes,” Historia
19 (1970) 407–413; Pédech (1984) 15–70.
Philip Kaplan
Kallistratos (350 – 25 BCE)
Wrote a book on mechanics, and made a scaling error (involving a “famous triangle”) in
designing a machine for transporting stones to the temple at Ephesos (A M.
p. 28 S.), thus perhaps datable to 350– 320 BCE, or else perhaps a contemporary of
P.
(*)
PTK
Kallixeinos of Rhodes (210 – 150 BCE)
Athe ̄naios, Deipn., cites Kallixeinos five times, preserving two lengthy passages from his
paradoxographical On Alexandria (cf. 9 [387c], 11 [474c], 15 [677d]), a work of at least four
books, perhaps arranged topically. One long fragment relates a triumphal procession of
Ptolemy II Philadelphus, in which a cart carried an automaton (Deipn. 5 [198f]). Another
long fragment describes two ships of Ptolemy IV Philopato ̄r. The account of the warship
(203a–204d), the “Forty,” includes measurements, equipment (four steering oars), arma-
ments, adornments, manpower (4,000 oarsmen, 2,850 marines), and mechanics: e.g., the
oars, although long and heavy, were properly balanced for ease of use; it was launched
from a “cradle” and pulled into the water by a team of men (cf. P, Demetr. 43.4–5,
who describes the warship as monstrous and unmaneuverable). Rice 1983: 142 speculates
that “Forty” may indicate a catamaran, two “Twenties” lashed together, with 20 oarsmen
distributed along three banks of oars per hull. In the style of a perie ̄ge ̄sis, Kallixeinos
describes Ptolemy IV’s shallow riverboat or barge (204d–206c), a “cabin-cruiser” (thalame ̄gos),
inspired by Egyptian architecture and powered partly by sail, with a double bow and stern.
Kallixeinos includes the barge’s measurements, materials, and function, plus digressions
on Egyptian flora. The barge was also probably a catamaran (Rice 1983: 146); such
“double-boats” were used in Ptolemaic Egypt to transport especially heavy loads, and the
tall, top-heavy superstructure of the barge would require the additional stability of a broad
hull and shallow keel.
E.E. Rice, The Grand Procession of Ptolemy Philadelphus (1983) 134–179; OCD3 279, K. Meister.
GLIM
Kalya ̄n.a (before 100 BCE)
References to an Indian astronomer named Kallaneus, the Greek transcription of the name
Kalla ̄n.a, i.e., Kalya ̄n.a, are found on a fragment of a parape ̄gma from Mile ̄tos (Diels and
Rehm 1904). Kalya ̄n.a apparently composed a treatise which gave the times of the heliacal
risings and settings of certain fixed stars. Pingree (CESS A.2.24) points out that Kalya ̄n.a’s
existence, or identity with Kalanos, a gymnosophist at the time of Alexander the Great, is
uncertain.
CESS A.2.24 (Kalya ̄n.a’s date wrongly recorded), A.4.47; H. Diels and A. Rehm, “Parapegmenfrag-
mente aus milet,” SBAW (1904) 92–111; A. Rehm, “Weiteres zu den milesischen Parapegmen,”
KALLISTRATOS