three years of 13 months (C 18.5, p. 37). Assuming he gave a length of the year
in days, the actual number is unknown (the 365¼ days mentioned by Censorinus is prob-
ably a later correction). He wrote an astronomical work entitled Phainomena (Anon., In Arati
Phaenomena [ed. Maass, 324.10–14]) or Astrologia (Ath., Deipn. 7.7 [278b]). The one surviving
fragment suggests that that work was in verse (Schol. in Eurip. Rhes. 528) and that it discussed
phases (Scorpio’s rising). Kleostratos introduced one star pair, the Kids, in Auriga (H-
, Astron. 2.13), mentioned the constellations on the zodiac, including Aries, Sagittarius,
and Scorpio (Pliny, ibid.), and observed solstices from Mt. Ida (-T, De
signis 4). He may well have been the first Greek to translate the constellations of the zodiac
from Babylonian astronomy into Greek. Objections to this suggestion rest on inferring
invalidly from Pliny’s description of Kleostratos as “next after Anaximander” that he lived
in the 6th c. and on skepticism about early Greek adoption of the Babylonian zodiacal
constellations. But he could have lived into the mid 5th c., when calendrical systems and the
concept of the zodiacal belt as a region of solar and lunar motion were being developed,
and he could have been a significant figure in their development. Censorinus implies that
Kleostratos precedes H.
DK 6; Dicks (1970) 87; Neugebauer (1975) 620–621.
Henry Mendell
Kleoxenos (200 – 160 BCE)
The primary inventor of the binocular dioptra and cipher conceived with D.
(*)
PTK
Kloniakos (?) (250 BCE – 80 CE)
A, in G CMGen 7.7 (13.987–988 K.), records an ointment of orpiment,
alum, and quick-lime, dissolved in vinegar, then mixed with resin and beeswax dissolved in
olive oil. For ΚΛΟΝΙΑΚΟΥ (otherwise unattested as a name), Kind suggests Kleo ̄nik- and
compares K, but Pape-Benseler accept the reading, since ΚΛΟΝ- means agitate- (P-
, Table-talk 5.7 [681A]; Gale ̄n, Caus. Puls. 2.6 [9.76 K.]; Souda K-1825); cf. also Klonios
of Boio ̄tia, Iliad 2.494–495. Perhaps a brand-name, to be read ΚΛΟΝΙΑΚΟΝ.
RE 11.1 (1921) 876, F.E. Kind.
PTK
Klutos (200 BCE – 80 BCE)
A, in G CMGen 7.13 (13.1036–1037 K.), cites Philoxenos “the gram-
marian” for a recipe from “Glutos” for a complex terebinth-based akopon, including
bdellium, frankincense, galbanum, myrrh, storax, three perfumes, etc. One expects
the slightly earlier pharmacist P A rather than the grammarian
Philoxenos of Alexandria (1st c. BCE). “Glutos” is unattested, but Klute ̄/Klutos is widespread,
though not Athenian (LGPN).
(*)
PTK
KLEOXENOS