corrupted to Philaretos, a well-attested name (LGPN). Our Philaretos wrote On pulses, a
treatise on the diagnostic method typical of the late antique and Byzantine periods,
probably post-dating the 7th c. The book is largely based on and abbreviated from the
Pneumaticist -G, D P, revised and expanded several times. Some
passages possibly come from the Arabic physician Ra ̄z ̄ı (9th c.) whose text was translated
very early into Greek. Philaretos’ work was translated into Latin in the early years of the
School of Salerno (ca 1000?). Together with the Latin version of Theophilos’ On urine and
other texts translated from Arabic to Latin, it formed the so-called Articella, the major
manual for learning medicine in Salerno and, eventually, in all late-medieval Europe,
particularly Paris.
Ed.: J.A. Pithis, Die Schriften ΠΕΡΙ ΣΦΥΓΜΩΝ des Philaretos (1983).
BNP 11 (2007) 13 (#1), V. Nutton.
Alain Touwaide
P ⇒ M
Phileas of Athens (440 – 400 BCE?)
Wrote a Trip Around the Earth (periodos ge ̄s) describing the Mediterranean from west to east,
from which a dozen fragments survive on Greece and Asia Minor, explaining foundations
and myths. A, OM 691 – 696, claims he divided Europe and Libya at the Rhône.
Cf. B, K, and P S, plus D S,
H M, and S K.
BNP 11 (2007) 14 (#1), H.A. Gärtner.
PTK
Philemo ̄n (5 – 25 CE)
Wrote a geographical work on the northern ocean, including Ireland and the amber isles,
cited by P and M T. He discussed local names for the northern seas
(Pliny 4.95), the nature and source of amber (Pliny 37.33, 37.36), and the size of Ireland
(Marinos in P Geog. 1.11).
BNP 11 (2007) 17 (#6), H.A. Gärtner.
PTK
P ⇒ D K
Philinos of Ko ̄s (280 – 220 BCE)
Physician, worked in Alexandria and was the founder of the Empiricist “school” (so
-G, I 14.683 K.; C pr.10 mentions as the founder of the
school the later S A). A pupil of H, he broke with his
teacher: we know he found fault with the theory of the pulse (M p. 455.15
Sch.), but probably he disagreed with the whole He ̄rophilian etiology ( perhaps he also
polemized against E, who in pseudo-D De ven.an. 6.49 K. = fr.35
Gar. criticizes some Empiricist views). It is unclear how much of the later theorization
about the principles of medical Empiricism can be attributed to Philinos. Already
PHILINOS OF KO ̄S