Xenagoras (of He ̄rakleia Pontike ̄?) (330 – 210 BCE?)
Wrote a chronology and a work On Islands (cf. the work of E K) covering
Cyprus (P 5.129) and the Pithekousai (Dionusios of Halikarnassos, A.R. 1.72.5), about
which he told etymological tales.
FGrHist 240; NP 12/2.606 (#1), H.A. Gärtner.
PTK
Xenarkhos of Seleukeia (Kilikia) (45 BCE – 17 CE)
S 14.5.4 records that this Peripatetic taught him and others in Alexandria and
Athens; at Rome he joined the court of A as a protégé of A D; he
died in 17 CE, aged over 90. His work Against the Fifth Substance argued the non-existence of
the Aristotelian aithe ̄r, partly on the basis that “simple” motion need not be rectilinear
and that circular motion must always be forced; S preserves a handful of frag-
ments, e.g. In De Caelo: CAG 7 (1894) 13–14, 21–24, 286.
NP 12/2.608–609 (#4), A. Falcon; Irby-Massie and Keyser (2002) 67–69.
PTK
Xen(okh)are ̄s (500 – 25 BCE)
Compiled rules of architectural symmetry (V 7.pr.14), listed first in an approxi-
mately chronological order, so perhaps 5th/4th c. BCE. Fabricius defends the unusual name
ΝΕΞΑPΗΣ on analogy with Drouare ̄s, but Xenare ̄s is found at Lokris (2nd c. BCE) and
Thessalia (3rd c. BCE, LGPN 3B.314), at Sparta (5th c. BCE: RE 9A.2 [1967] 1435–1436),
and Kerkura (6th c. BCE: LGPN 3A.333); whereas from the 5th c. BCE, Xenokhare ̄s is
frequent and widespread (LGPN).
RE 17.1 (1936) 163, E. Fabricius.
PTK and GLIM
Xenokrate ̄s of Aphrodisias (Kilikia) (ca 50 – 70 CE)
Physician who wrote pharmaceutical works, famous until at least the 7th c. CE, but
blamed by G (Simples 9.1 [12.248–251 K.]) – although he utilizes the work abund-
antly – for making use of disgusting remedies, such as human brains, flesh, liver, or even
urine and excrement (see also P 32.144), in his On Useful Things from Living Beings
(animals and humans equally serviceable as Wellmann rightly indicated). This text, a
compilation partly based on D S’ treatise and used by Pliny in Books
20 – 30, which suggested treatments probably not more superstitious than many other phar-
macologists (he proposes, e.g., remedies to steal an opponent’s voice), is to be differentiated
from a book with lexicographical relevance named On Vegetal Remedies (Peri botaniko ̄n phar-
mako ̄n). O (Coll. 2.58: CMG 6.1.1, pp. 47–57) preserved a large fragment of a
possibly independent book, On the Food Given by Aquatic Animals, addressing shellfish, cet-
aceans (distinguished from fishes), and fishes, divided, as in D, between fishes with
hard flesh and those with soft flesh. It gives a great number of marine zoönyms and detailed
remarks on dietetics and gastronomy (kinds and uses of scallops: 56–71, preparations of
pinna: 98–104, Egyptian pickles: 148–151).
XENAGORAS (OF HE ̄RAKLEIA PONTIKE ̄?)