allied with Athens (395–386) and then independent from 379 BCE, and defeated Sparta
371 BCE. Under Macedon from 362 BCE; after Alexander, the reconstituted Boio ̄tian
League was independent and powerful until under Rome, 146 BCE. Ravaged by Goths
in the late 3rd c. CE, and devastated by the earthquake of 551 CE (Prokopios, Goth. 4.25).
OCD3 246 – 247, J. Buckler and A.J.S. Spawforth; BNP 2 (2003) 695–699, P. Funke and
K. Savvidis.
Sites: Askra, Eruthrai (?), Khairo ̄neia, Plataia, The ̄bai.
People: H (?).
Bordeaux ⇒ Burdigala
Borissos (mod. Sofular?; 38 ̊ 20 ’ N, 34 ̊ 27 ’ E): near Nazianzos, north of Tuana and west-
south-west of Caesarea (Kappadokia). RE S.1 (1903) 256, W. Ruge; BAGRW 63-E4.
P.
Borusthene ̄s (mod. Berezan Is.; 46 ̊ 36 ’ N, 31 ̊ 25 ’ E): on an island in the Borusthene ̄s
(Dnieper) estuary, first Greek colony on the north shore of the Black Sea, founded ca 650
BCE, and prosperous in the 6th–5th centuries BCE; after which small or abandoned. PECS
150, M.L. Bernhard and K. Sztetyłło; BAGRW 23-E2.
S.
Britain/Britannia: The island west of the European mainland whose inhabitants shared
a long history and culture with northern Gaul. Raided by C (55–54 BCE: BG 5.11–23),
then annexed by Rome in 43 CE under Claudius. Invaded by Scots and others begin-
ning 360 CE; Rome officially withdrew 410 CE. OCD3 261–263, M.J. Millett; BNP 2 (2003)
774–783, M. Todd.
Sites: (none).
People: G.
Bublos (mod. G ̆ubail/Jebeil/Jbeil; 34 ̊07’ N, 35 ̊39’ E): ancient port, north of Be ̄rutos,
conquered by Alexander of Macedon, after which declined. Rebuilt by King Herod; later
famous for its cult of Adonis. PECS 176, J.-P. Rey-Coquais; OCD3 266, J. Boardman and
J.-F. Salles; BAGRW 68-A5; BNP 2 (2003) 842, U. Finkbeiner.
P.
Burdigala (mod. Bordeaux; 44 ̊50’ N, 00 ̊35’ W): estuarine port in Atlantic trade, just above
confluence of Garonne and Dordogne, 60 km north-west of Vasates and west of Vesunna.
Founded in the 3rd c. BCE; became a municipium under the Flavians, and the capital of
Aquitania in the 2nd c. CE. Christianized in the 3rd c. CE; a university town ca 400 CE.
Taken by the Vandals 409 CE; then by the Visigoths 419 CE. PECS 172, R. Étienne; OCD3
265, C.E. Stevens and J.F. Drinkwater; BAGRW 14-E4; BNP 2 (2003) 824–825, E. Frezouls.
E, M, S.
Buzantion (mod. Istambul; 41 ̊01’ N, 28 ̊59’ E): at the southern mouth of the Bosporos, on
the western shore, between the Propontis and the Golden Horn, a natural harbor. Founded
by Megara in the 7th c. BCE, under Persian control by the late 6th, then allied with
Athens against Philip II of Macedon. Sided with Rome by 200 BCE; razed by Septimus
Seuerus 196 CE; sacked by the Heruli 267 CE. Refounded in 330 CE by Constantine as the
“New Rome,” and subsequently greatly expanded, including the building of a university;
attracted many immigrants. PECS 177–179, W.L. MacDonald; ODB 344–345, C. Mango
and A. Kazhdan; OCD3 266, A.J. Graham and St. Mitchell; BAGRW 52-D2; BNP 2 (2003)
846–858, A. Effenberger.
GAZETTEER