Prousias “ad Mare” (mod. Gemlik; 40 ̊ 26 ’ N, 29 ̊ 09 ’ E): coastal city on the eastern
Propontis, the ancient Kios, colonized by Mile ̄tos, destroyed by Philip V of Macedon;
rebuilt and renamed by Prousias I of Bithunia, ca 190 BCE; became prosperous through
trade. BAGRW 52-E4; BNP 3 (2003) 370–371 (#1), H. Kaletsch and F.K. Dörner. (Contrast
Prousias ad Hypium, BAGRW 86-B3, mod. Konuralp.)
A, A (?), A.
Puteoli (mod. Pozzuoli; 40 ̊ 49 ’ N, 14 ̊ 07 ’ E): coastal city of Campania, north of Neapolis,
settled by refugees from Samos ca 520 BCE, prosperous through trade but politically
dependant upon nearby Cumae until conquered by the Samnites, 421 BCE. Successfully
resisted Hannibal in 215; received a Roman customs station in 199 and maritime colony
in 194. Its proximity to the Via Appia rendered its port preferable to Neapolis’, and it
became a favored resort town in the early Roman Empire. PECS 743 – 744, H. Comfort;
OCD3 1280 – 1281, H.K. Lomas; BAGRW 44-F4; NP 10.606–608, M.I. Gulletta and D.
Steuernagel.
A R, P.
Ravenna (mod. Ravenna; 44 ̊ 25 ’ N, 12 ̊ 12 ’ E): city in the southern marshes of the Po delta,
allied with Rome by 1st c. BCE, with full Roman status in 49 BCE, the base of A’
Adriatic fleet. Honorius transferred the imperial court here ca 403 CE, seeking the security
of the marshes, whereupon the city’s fortunes blossomed, continuing as the splendid capital
of successive barbarian kingdoms until 455 CE; revived under Odoacer from 476 CE; in
Byzantine hands after 568 CE. PECS 751, D.C. Scavone; ODB 1773 – 1775, T.S. Brown and
D. Kinney; OCD3 1294, B.R. Ward-Perkins; BAGRW 40-C4; NP 10.796–800, C. Heucke
and Al. Berger; EJ2 17.120, A. Toaff and S. Rocca.
A, R C.
Reate (mod. Rieti; 42 ̊ 24 ’ N, 12 ̊ 52 ’ E): small Sabine town on Velino river, west of
Amiternum, north-east of Rome, south of Spoletium; under Rome from 3rd c. BCE;
municipium from 27 BCE. PECS 751 – 752, L. Richardson, Jr.; OCD3 1294, E.T. Salmon and
T.W. Potter; BAGRW 42-D4; NP 10.802, M.M. Morciano.
T V.
Resˇaina (mod. Tell Fakhariya, near Ras al-Ain; 36 ̊ 49 ’ N, 40 ̊ 02 ’ E): east-south-east of
Edessa, south of Amida and of Constantia, west-south-west of Nisibis (cf. Syria); old
Assyrian city (whose name means “head of the stream”), made a colonia under Septimius
Seuerus (ca 200 CE); Theodosius I built it up and renamed it Theodosiopolis (381– 383 CE).
RE 1A.1 (1914) 618–619, F.H. Weissbach; BAGRW 89-C4.
S.
Rhe ̄gion (mod. Reggio di Calabria; 38 ̊ 07 ’ N, 15 ̊ 40 ’ E): southern Italian town colonized
from Khalkis in 720 BCE, dominated the Straits of Messina (see Messe ̄ne ̄), allied with
Lokroi against Kroto ̄n in the mid-6th c. BCE; destroyed by Dionusios I of Surakousai
387 BCE; rebuilt 359/358 BCE; allied with Rome against P in 280 BCE, and gar-
risoned by Rome’s Campanian allies, remaining loyal in the 2nd–1st centuries BCE.
PECS 753 – 754, A. de Franciscis; OCD3 1312, H.K. Lomas; BAGRW 46-C5; NP 10.951–952,
A. Muggia.
L, P X (?), T.
Rhodes/Rhodos (mod. Rhodos; 36 ̊ 10 ’ N, 28 ̊ 00 ’ E): large island in the south-east
Aegean, center of trade from early times; submitted to Persia in 490 BCE, allied with
Athens in the 5th c. BCE. The three Rhodian poleis (Lindos, Ialusos, Kamiros) revolted
from Athens 412/411 in favor of Sparta. They founded a federal state 408/7 to facilitate
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