I.
Stratonikeia (mod. Eskihisar; 37 ̊ 19 ’ N, 28 ̊ 04 ’ E): east of Mulasa and south of Tralleis,
founded ca 270 BCE on the site of the Karian city Idrias/Edrias; variously controlled by the
Seleukids or Rhodes until 167 BCE, when declared free by Rome. Participated in the
revolt against Rome 133 – 130 BCE; allied with M VI 88 BCE; again declared
free by Rome 81 BCE, and resisted the Parthian siege 40 BCE. Prosperous until at least
the mid-3rd c. CE. PECS 861, G.E. Bean; OCD3 1449, Idem and S. Sherwin-White; BAGRW
61-G3; NP 11.1046–1047 (#1, 2), H. Kaletsch. (Contrast Stratonikeia of Ludia, at mod.
Siledik, east on the Kaikos from Pergamon, under whom from 188 BCE, and renamed
Hadrianopolis 123 CE: BAGRW 56-F3.)
M.
Stumphalos (mod. Stumphalia; 37 ̊ 50 ’ N, 22 ̊ 27 ’ E): north-east Arkadia, west of Phleious,
south-west of Sikuo ̄n, strategically important to Sparta, member of the Arkadian League
in the 4th c. BCE. PECS 861, W.F. Wyatt, Jr.; OCD3 1449 – 1450, J. Roy; BAGRW 58-C2; NP
11.1062, Kl. Tausend.
A.
Subaris/Sybaris (mod. Sibari; 39 ̊ 47 ’ N, 16 ̊ 19 ’ E): city of Lucania, founded by
Akhaeans and Troizenians ca 720 BCE, expanded rapidly through exploitation of agri-
cultural resources and Etruscan commercial connections; its wealth and luxury a literary
topos; defeated and razed by Kroto ̄n, 510 BCE; its exiled inhabitants founded a new
Subaris on the Traente river. PECS 869 – 870, F. Rainey; OCD3 1458 – 1459, H.K. Lomas;
BAGRW 46-D2; NP 11.1124–1125 (#4), A. Muggia.
M.
Sulmo (mod. Sulmona; 42 ̊ 02 ’ N, 13 ̊ 56 ’ E): principal town (with Corfinium and Super-
aequum) of the Paeligni, near the confluence of two tributaries to the Aternum (which
debouches into the Adriatic), south-east of Amiternum, strategically on the road leading
to Samnium. Allied with Rome since 305 BCE (Livy 9.45); resisted Hannibal 211; sup-
ported C in the Roman Civil Wars. Modest municipium from 89 BCE, retaining
its importance into the medieval period. PECS 867 – 868, A. La Regina; OCD3 1454,
E.T. Salmon and T.W. Potter; BAGRW 44-E1; NP 11.1095, G. Uggeri.
O.
Surakousai/Syracuse (mod. Siracusa; 37 ̊ 05 ’ N, 15 ̊ 17 ’ E): colony of Corinth, ca 734
BCE; prosperous city with a growing empire; Hiero ̄n I (478– 466 BCE) patronized Aeschylus,
Simo ̄nide ̄s, and Pindar. Resisted Athens’ invasions 427–424 and 415– 413 BCE. Agathokle ̄s
of Surakousai ruled much of Sicily 317 – 289 BCE; under H II (270– 216 BCE), the
city prospered on trade throughout the Mediterranean, supporting an active building pro-
gram, and became again a significant artistic and intellectual center. In 215, Hiero ̄n’s suc-
cessor Hiero ̄numos favored Carthage, prompting a siege by Rome, in which A
acted prominently. The city fell to Rome, but became a center of provincial govern-
ment; suffered under Verres (73 BCE); received a colony under A. PECS 871 – 874,
G. Voza; OCD3 1463 – 1464, A.G. Woodhead and R.J.A. Wilson; BAGRW 47-G4; NP
12/2.1159–1172, I. Toral-Niehoff.
A, A, E, E, H, H II,
H, K, K, M, N, P,
S.
Suros (mod. Suros; 37 ̊ 27 ’ N, 24 ̊ 54 ’ E): Aegean island, east of Kuthnos and west of
De ̄los, inhabited from the 3rd millennium BCE, and Ionic from ca 1000 BCE; colonized by,
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