The Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists: The Greek tradition and its many heirs

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daimo ̄n, -ones initially God or the divine, but later being(s) intermediate between the
gods and humans (H Erga 122 – 126, 314; P Symp. 202e–203a, Polit. 271d–e,
Tim. 41a–d), usually imagined as non-corporeal, but sometimes said to be made of
aithe ̄r (E 984d–985b); D L 7.151 (C and
Z); HWPhil 2 (1972) 1–4, F.P. Hager; OCD3 426, H.S. Versnel; BNP 4 (2004)
275 – 279, P. Habermehl.
See also: A  M, N, S, X 
K.
decan in Pharaonic Egyptian astronomy, one of a series of 36 constellations used for
time-reckoning (first known from Egyptian coffin lids of ca 2100 – 1800 BCE), parallel to
and south of the ecliptic, rising once every ten days of the civil calendar, providing a
system of marking consecutive hours of night by their successive risings. After transmis-
sion of the zodiac to Egypt in the Ptolemaic period, the decans were adjusted to the new
system, whereby they came to represent one-third of a zodiacal sign.
See also: H T, P (T), S,
S (L.), T  B.
de ̄miourgos “Demiurge,” originally “craftsman in public service” (OCD3 451,
F.W. Walbank and P.J. Rhodes), then the divine organizer of the kosmos, the chief god
of P’s pantheon, who models the world to eternal patterns, the Forms: Tim 28 – 30;
HWPhil 2 (1972) 49–50, W. Ullmann; BNP 4 (2004) 261–263, M. Baltes.
See also (most Neo-Platonists employ the term; here we list only entries that mention
it explicitly): A, C L, D (N-P.),
H  A, I  K, I A,
L, P, T. A., T, T  L.
diaphore ̄tike ̄ perspirant compound, intended to extract the cold wet humor (phlegm):
Durling 1993: 128–130.
See also: C, K, M, P (M.), S C,
S.
dioptra optical instrument for sighting, surveying, and star-gazing, consisting in essence
of a tube or other framework, used as a sighting guide, and possibly devices to
indicate azimuth and level: Campbell (2000); BNP 4 (2004) 513–514, E. Olshausen
and V. Sauer.
See also: B, D, E, H  A, K-
, P. O.73.
diphruges metallic-yellowish iron ore, either chalcopyrites or pyrites: D,
MM 5.103, 125; Durling 1993: 132–133.
See also: A  T, K.
Dogmatists see Rationalists.
dropsy (Grk.: hudro ̄ps) a disease characterized by edema, of varying etiology (i.e., in
modern medicine would be a symptom, not a diagnosis); cf. H C
Affections 22 (6.232–234 Littré), Internal Affections 22 – 26 (7.220–236 Littré). Varieties
included anasarka, G Loc. Aff. 5.7 (8.353 K.) and askites, Gale ̄n, Caus. Sympt. 3.3
(7.224 K.).
See also: A, A, A  M, B, C
(P.), C, D  A, E  I, E,
-G D M, I  C,
K, K  K (I, II), K (P.), M


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