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painter/photographer Constant Dutilleux were among
this group.
Later in the nineteenth century, the United States
Geographical and Geological expositions often included
both painters and photographers, and they infl uenced
each others work. The painter Thomas Moran (1837–
1926) and photographer William H. Jackson were on
the same exposition to survey the Yellowstone region
in 1871, and Moran at times used photographs taken by
Jackson in his paintings During the 1880s, photogra-
phers Timothy H. O’Sullivan, William H. Jackson, A. J.
Russell, Jack Hillers and Edward Muybridge frequently
relied on the framing devices of trees and mountains
used by Hudson River School artists like Thomas Cole
and Frederick Church. Hillar and Muybridge often
sought out high vantage points in which to set up their
cameras so they could offer an above ground view like
those often found in Hudson River School paintings
(John Hillar Mouth of Zion Park, c. 1872–73, albumen
print, Denver Public Library.) Muybridge also manipu-
lated his prints in the darkroom in order to express the
aesthetic of landscape paintings.
Albert Beirstadt (1830–1902) was among the fi rst
American landscape artists to be infl uenced by photog-
raphy. He was familiar with the large western photo-
graphs of Carleton Watkins (exhibited December 1862
at Goupil’s gallery in New York) and Watkins’ work
encouraged him to go to Yosemite Valley. The work of
Watkins and other landscape photographers most likely
caused Albert Bierstadt to paint his landscapes from new
vantage points with altered perspectives. Previously,
Beirstadt had followed a tradition of landscape painting
that placed the viewer’s eye level well above ground.
Imitating the new photographic views, Beirstadt began
to paint landscapes from the ground level looking off
to the base of mountains that soar above the viewer as
in Looking up the Yosemite Valley (Haggin Museum,
California). The other type of landscape view thatPAINTERS AND PHOTOGRAPHY
de Gaillard, Paul. Portrait of a Woman
Seated in Profi le.
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
© The J. Paul Getty Museum.