1366
Photography, most notably his “Reminiscences of
an Old Photographer,” which was published under a
pseudonym.
In 1874, Sutton moved to Pwllheli, in North Wales.
He died very suddenly, allegedly from stomach cramps,
on 19 March 1875.
Alan Greene
Biography
Thomas Sutton was born on 22 September 1819 in
London. After studying at Caius College, Cambridge, he
and his family moved to the island of Jersey. In the early
1850s, he made a number of calotype views of Rome,
aided by lessons obtained from Frédéric Flachéron.
Wanting to print his negatives from Rome, he became
interested in the industrial, developing-out printing
process of Louis-Désiré Blanquart-Évrard. This led
him to devise a developing-out process of his own, the
details of which he published in 1855. In 1855–1857,
Sutton and Blanquart-Évrard founded an industrial titled
photographic printing facility at Jersey. During this time
they also started a journal Photographic Notes, which
Sutton continued to edit until 1867. A prolifi c writer,
Sutton wrote a number of technical manuals, contributed
articles to different photographic journals, and compiled
a photographic dictionary. He also was interested in
optics, designing a triplet lens and a wide-angle duplet
lens fi lled with water. He died on 19 March 1875 in
Pwllheli, North Wales.
See also: Blanquart-Évrard, Louis Désiré; Calotype
Process; Claudet, Antoine; Flachéron, Frédéric;
Lenses: 1. 1830s–50s, MacPherson, Robert; and Wet-
Collodion Process.
Further Reading
Auer, Michel et Michèle Auer, Encyclopédie internationale des
photographes de 1839 à nos jours [International Encyclopedia
of Photographers from 1839 to the Present], 2 vols., Her-
mance, Switzerland: Editions Camera Obscura, c.1985.
Gautrand, Jean-Claude, and Alain Buisine, Blanquart-Évrard,
n.p.: Centre Régional de la Photographie Nord Pas-de-Calais,
1999, pp.32–35, 43–44, 47–49.
Gernsheim, Helmut, “Cuthbert Bede, Robert Hunt, and Thomas
Sutton.” In One Hundred Years of Photographic History:
Essays in Honor of Beaumont Newhall, edited by Van Deren
Coke, 64–67, Albequerque: University of New Mexico Press,
1975.
Sutton, Thomas, The Calotype Process: A Hand Book to Photog-
raphy on Paper, London: Joseph Cundall, 1855
———, “Description of a New Photographic Lens, Which Gives
Images Entirely Free from Distortion.” Journal of the Photo-
graphic Society, no. 90 (15 October 1859): 58–59.
———, A Dictionary of Photography, London: Sampson Low,
1858.
———, A New Method of Printing Photographs, By Which Per-
manent and Artistic Results May be Uniformily Obtained, St.
Brelade’s Bay, Jersey: [self-published], 1855.
———, “A New View-Lens.” Journal of the Photographic So-
ciety, no. 78 (5 February 1859): 169–73.
———, “On Positive Printing without a Toning Bath.” Photo-
graphic Notes, vol. 1, no. 1 (15 November 1856):.237–43.
———, “On Printing by Development.” Photographic Notes,
vol. 1, no. 1 (1 January 1856): pp.vii–viii.SUZUKI SHINICHI STUDIOS
The Japanese photographers Suzuki Shinichi I (1835–
1919) and Suzuki Shinichi II (1855–1912) were simulta-
neously apprenticed to Shimooka Renjo. The connection
was that Suzuki II married Suzuki I’s daughter. Suzuki
I was born Takahashi Yujiro in Izukuni. In 1854 he
married into a Suzuki family, adopted the family name,
and moved to Shimoda. That year he lost everything in
a tidal wave and moved to Yokohama. In 1866 he be-
came apprenticed to Shimooka and then left in October
1873 to set up his own Yokohama portrait studio which
also sold souvenir albums to foreigners. That year he
also changed his given name to Shinichi and saw his
daughter married to Okamoto Keizo, also apprenticed
to Shimooka. Okamoto changed his name to Suzuki
Shinichi II. Suzuki I pioneered a technique for printing
photographs onto porcelain and authored the shajo series
which realistically documented the life and customs of
rural communities. Retiring in 1892, his son Izaburo
changed the studio name to I.S. Suzuki.
Suzuki II was born in Izu. Originally intending to
be an artist, he switched to photography and in 1870
apprenticed to Shimooka for seven years. In 1876
he opened his own studio in Nagoya. Although suc-
cessful, in 1879 he decided to improve his technical
knowledge by studying for one year with the famous
Isaiah West Taber in San Francisco, becoming the fi rst
Japanese photographer to study abroad. Returning to
Japan he built an extensive studio complex in Tokyo
which was known as the ‘branch studio’ to Suzuki I’s
Yokohama premises. Suzuki II won prizes at Japanese
and European exhibitions, and he photographed many
famous statesmen and members of the Japanese royal
family. His success peaked in around 1896 and shortly
afterwards he lost everything after speculating in the
shipping business. He died in relative poverty and
obscurity in 1912. Examples of work from the Suzuki
studios can be found in the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum
of Photography, Tokyo.
Terry Bennett
See also: Shimooka Renjo.SWAN, JOSEPH WILSON (1824–1914)
British scientist and inventor
Born in Sunderland on October 31,t 1824, the physicist
and electrical visionary Joseph Wilson Swan originally