878
with one hundred photographs, brought together thirty
years of writing and photography on the region. The
magazine Land of Sunshine became an important outlet
both for his photography and that of others working in
the Southwest. In 1907 he joined with others in Los An-
geles to form the Southwest Museum which preserves
important collections of Native American objects and
holds a large number of his photographs.
Kathleen Howe
LUTWIDGE, ROBERT WILFRED
SKEFFINGTON (1802–1873)
English
Lutwidge was born in London on January 17, 1802, the
second son of Charles Lutwidge and Elizabeth Anne
Dodgson. His sister, Frances Jane, married a cousin,
Charles Dodgson, and in 1832 gave birth to Charles
Lutwidge Dodgson—the author and photographer Lewis
Carroll. Skeffi ngton Lutwidge was a favorite uncle of
Carroll’s and it was his infl uence that encouraged him
to take up photography in 1856.
Lutwidge was a London-based barrister and commis-
sioner in lunacy, he was a friend of Dr. Hugh Diamond
and they were both members of the Photographic Soci-
ety and the Photographic Exchange Club. His favored
subject matter was architecture and in 1855 made an
unusual study, in the rain, of the entrance to Knole
Castle.
Lutwidge and Carroll often spent time together and
on June 15, 1872, Lutwidge was photographed by his fa-
mous nephew at his Christ Church Studio in Oxford.
In May 1873 during a visit to Fisherton Lunatic
Asylum at Salisbury, Wiltshire Lutwidge was at-
tacked by patient William McKave and died six
days later. Carroll’s well-known poem The Hunting
of the Snark, published in 1876, was inspired by his
uncle’s tragic death and experiences with the Lunacy
Commission.
Ian Sumner
LUYS, JULES-BERNARD (1828–1897)
French physician
Born in Paris in 1828, Jules-Bernard Luys attended
medical school with the intention of becoming an intern
in Paris in 1853. He obtained his doctorate in medicine
four years later and became doctor in a hospital in
1862, occupying the postitions of head of department
in Salpêtrière, and then later in Charity. An Anatomo-
pathologist of development, his research was focused on
the nervous system and the brain. Anxious to represent
his fi ndings as precisely as possible, he chose not to
use traditional drawings or engravings but instead pho-
tography to display and capture his research. The fi rst
examples of these images can be found in a publication
which Duchenne of Boulogne infl uenced him to choose
as this new technique of representation was considered
by many to be more accurate.
In 1873, he published photographs of the nerve cen-
ters in a text edited by Jean-Baptist Baillière. The work
was composed of a book of text and an atlas comprising
seventy photographs of cut and drawn brains on albu-
men paper. The photographs were taken in collabora-
tion with George Luys (1870–1953), his son who was
also a doctor. Encouraged by the success of this fi rst
work, Luys published two other works illustrated by
photography as well.
Denis CanguilhemLYTE, FARNHAM MAXWELL
(1828–1906)
French photographer
Born in 1828, Farnham Maxwell Lyte was a person of
wide-ranging interests and an insatiable intellectual
curiosity. He trained to be an Engineer at Cambridge
University. In 1853 he traveled to Pau, France and made
the acquaintance of—Jean-Jacques Heilmann and John
Stewart, two photographers with whom his work is often
associated. Lyte photographed both the natural and the
man-made wonders of the Pyrenees.
One of the founding members of the Société francaise
de photographie, Lyte had several of his photographs
included in exhibitions from 1857 to 1874. He was also
the inventor of what became known as “the honey pro-
cess” a method of prolonging the sensitivity of coated
glass plate negatives.
Most of Lyte’s photographs are either salted paper or
albumen prints and he worked almost exclusively with
the wet-plate collodion process.His albumen prints are
often easily identifi ed by the red blind stamp on the
bottom left or right hand corner of the print. He often
inscribed his plates with the Latin phrase Lux Fecit
(made by Lyte), a pun wittily alluding to both the act
of photographing, and to his family name. He died in
England in 1906.
Pauli Lori