chronological order. One of Britainʼs foremost Islamic
scholars in the twentieth-century was Richard Bell of
Edinburgh University. In the late 1930s Bell produced a
translation of the Koran in chronological order. In 1953
Bellʼs book Introduction to the Quʼran was published, with
a chapter devoted to the discussion of the work of Western
scholars (from the mid-nineteenth century onwards) and the
efforts of these scholars to put the Koran into chronological
order.^23 Bellʼs book also has a table at the end of the book,
where the traditional order of the Koran is contrasted with
different translations of the Koran by Western scholars (you
can see a similar table in Appendix 1 of our book). The one
point on which all these scholars of the Koran agreed, is
that it was not any chapter on peace and tolerance that
came from Mohammed at the end of his life, but the huge
Chapter 9 and Chapter 5, which are more concerned with
genocide and apartheid against the Kuffar. ʻKuffarʼ
(unbelief) is the term of hatred that Islam uses to describe
all that is not Islam (this includes all beliefs which are not
Islamic and all those people who are not Muslim – the
term can also appear as ʻKafirʼ).^24 In Islam it is an
offensive term, even more offensive than the word ʻniggerʼ
is in English - ʻKuffarʼ designates a systematic position,
where non-Muslims are sub-human, meaning no true
believer is going to ever be ashamed of their hatred and
hostility towards unbelievers, because such hatred is
sanctioned by the highest authority they know, Allah.^25 Our
politicians and clergy promote Islam which considers us
Kuffar to be sub-human, but they would not promote an