Sikhs continue to play a significant role in Indian life, not least as progressive
farmers in the fertile Panja ̄b valleys where 25 per cent of India’s rice is raised,
and as members of various security forces.
Recommended reading
Pre-modern history, literature, and arts
Bayly, Susan. Saints, Goddesses, and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society,
1700–1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Gordon, Stewart. The Marathas: 1600–1818. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1993.
Hangloo, R. L. The State in Medieval Kashmir. Delhi: Manohar, 2000.
Metcalfe, Barbara and Thomas, R. A Concise History of India. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2002.
Spear, P. India: A Modern History. Volume two (reprint). London: Penguin Books,
1990.
Post-medievalbhakti
Clothey, F. W. Quiescence and Passion: The Vision of Arun.akiri, Tamil Mystic. Bethesda,
MA: Austin & Winfield, 1996.
Davis, R. H. Ritual in an Oscillating Universe: Worshipping S ́iva in Medieval India.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
Flood, G. Body and Cosmology in Kashmir S ́aivism. San Francisco: Mellon Research
University Press, 1993.
Hawley, J. and Juergersmeyer, M. Songs of the Saints of India. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1988.
Hedayetullah, M. Kabir: The Apostle of Hindu-Muslim Unity. Delhi: Matilal Banarsidass,
1978.
Lutgendorf, P. The Life of a Text: Performing the Ra ̄macaritamanas. Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1991.
Ranade, R. D. Mysticism in India: The Poet-Saints of Maharashtra. Reprint. Albany: SUNY
Press, 1982.
Young, K. and Sharma, A. Images of the Feminine – Mythic Philosophic and Human in
Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic Traditions: A Biography of Women in India. Chico, CA:
New Horizons Press, 1974.
On Sikhism
Grewal, J. S. The Sikhs in the Panjab. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Macauliffe, M. A. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. Six volumes.
Reprint. Delhi: S. Chaud, 1963.
Mcleod, W. H. Guru ̄ Na ̄nak and the Sikh Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1968.
Developments in the Late Medieval Period 159