Index 1263
Masinissa 509
masks
art 120
craft s 285
death and burial practices
320
drama and theater 335,
337 f
masons 808
massacres 731
Massalia 219
mass burials 315
mass graves 318
mastabas
building techniques and
materials 153
death and burial practices
314
empires and dynasties 392
masturbation 498
mathematics
education 377, 379
numbers and counting
798–806
science 927–930, 934, 935,
938, 944, 947–948
sports and recreation
1047–1048
weights and measures
1178
mats
craft s 287–288
household goods 563, 570
occupations 811
Mauretania
government organization
509–510
money and coinage 752
Maurya Dynasty
art 101, 102
borders and frontiers 144
economy 355, 358–359
empires and dynasties 402
employment and labor 430
government organization
523
inventions 598
money and coinage 757
numbers and counting
802
resistance and dissent 875
roads and bridges 887
war and conquest 1139
weights and measures 1176
mausoleums 317, 321
Maximian (emperor of Rome)
417
Maya civilization
agriculture 46–47
architecture 84–85
art 120
calendars and clocks
172–173
ceramics and pottery 186
children 198
cities 202
climate and geography
266, 267
clothing and footwear 283
drama and theater 339
economy 373–375
empires and dynasties
420–421
employment and labor
434–435
family 458
government organization
537
health and disease 555–
556
household goods 570
language 620
laws and legal codes
630–631
literature 666
military 736
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 750
music and musical instru-
ments 773
occupations 818
religion and cosmology
864–865
resistance and dissent
881–882
roads and bridges 892
scandals and corruption
918–919
slaves and slavery 994–995
social organization 1043
sports and recreation 1057
storage and preservation
1071
towns and villages 1095
war and conquest 1154
weaponry and armor
1171–1172
weights and measures
1182
Ma Yuan 441
measurements, accurate. See
also weights and measures
numbers and counting
797
science 927, 929
meat. See also organ meats
food and diet 473, 475,
476, 479, 481
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 571
storage and preservation
1068
mechanics 940
Medes people
empires and dynasties 400
migration and population
movements 702
medical instruments 601
medical sects 943
medical texts
adornment 13
health and disease 549
pandemics and epidem-
ics 821
science 931
medical training 944
medicine. See also health and
disease
education 377
inventions 594
pandemics and epidemics
827–828
science 924, 926, 930–931,
936, 940–942, 949
medicine men 545
medicine wheels 134
Medijay people 727
Medinet Habu
cities 208
settlement patterns 964
Mediterranean climate zone
261, 264
Mediterranean evergreen
zone 252
Mediterranean Sea and region
borders and frontiers 141
climate and geography
262–264
exploration 436
seafaring and navigation
952
trade and exchange 1097,
1102–1103, 1104f
Medjay people 789
Medūm 314
megalith
astronomy 124
inventions 594
sacred sites 898, 902
megalithic construction
building techniques and
materials 158
calendars and clocks 169
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 746
religion and cosmology
849
megalithic culture 145
megalithic sculptures 864
megalithic tombs 318
Megiddo, battle of 1129
mehen 1049–1050
Mehrgarh 218
Mehturt. See Hathor Temple
Mekong River
climate and geography 250
settlement patterns 968
Melanesia 251
Memphis
cities 206–207
climate and geography
239, 241–242
Memphite Drama 330
men
clothing and footwear 272,
274, 279
crime and punishment
298
drama and theater 335
family 448–450, 454
food and diet 481
gender structures and roles
493, 494, 496, 497, 499,
501, 502
government organization
531
hunting, fi shing, and gath-
ering 573, 578, 581
music and musical instru-
ments 764
occupations 808, 809, 812,
816
social organization 1016,
1017, 1020, 1030, 1040
sports and recreation 1056
men (board game) 1049
Menander
drama and theater 334,
335
literature 659
Mende people 189
Menengai, Mount 776
Menes (king of Egypt)
cities 206
crime and punishment
297
empires and dynasties 392
writing 1183
Mengwe people 1153–1154
menhirs 902
Mentuhotep I (king of Egypt)
393
Mentuhotep II (king of Egypt)
art 94
empires and dynasties 393
mercenaries
foreigners and barbarians
485
government organization
509
migration and population
movements 714
military 727, 733
occupations 815
war and conquest 1149
Mercenary Revolt 871
merchants
economy 355, 356
employment and labor 429
foreigners and barbarians
484
occupations 815, 817
trade and exchange 1099
merchant ships 977–978, 978f,
982, 983
Merenre (king of Egypt) 485
meret 986
Merneptah (king of Egypt)
427
Merneptah stela 789
Meroë
architecture 55
art 91
cities 204
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