See E. H. Carr, Michael Bakunin (London and New York, 1937 ) pp. 153 ff.
K. Marx, 'Discours sur le Libre-echange', Oeuvres, ed. M. Rubel, 1 (Paris,
1963 ) p. 156.
See the translation in D. Struik (ed.), The Birth of the Communist Manifesto,
pp. 163 ff.
Engels to Marx, MEW XXVII 98.
See M. Hess, Philosophische Aufsatze, ed. A. Cornu and W. Monke (Berlin,
1961).
Engels to Marx, MEW XXVII 107.
Cf. H. Bollnow, 'Engels' Auffassung von Revolution und Entwicklung in
seinen Grundsatzen des Kommunismus" in Marxismusstudien, 1 (1954) pp. 57 ff.
F. Engels, 'Karl Marx', MEW xvi 363.
F. Engels, Preface to 1883 edition, MESW 1 25.
MESW 1 34.
Ibid., 36.
Ibid., 37.
Ibid., 39.
Ibid., 41.
Ibid., 44.
Ibid., 45.
Ibid., 47. See further the exhaustive analysis of H. Draper, 'The concept of
the Lumpenproletariat in Marx and Engels', Economie et Socie'te's (December
1972).
Ibid., 52.
Ibid., 53.
Ibid., 54. This programme is remarkable for its comparatively tentative and
moderate nature. With an eye to an alliance with sections of the bourgeoisie,
reform proposals were limited to circulating capital while production, for the
time being, was to remain largely in private hands. See further, Y. Wagner and
M. Strauss, 'The Programme of The Communist Manifesto and its Theoretical
Implications', Political Studies (December 1969).
MESW 1.
Ibid., 58.
Ibid., 60.
Ibid., 62.
Ibid., 63.
Ibid., 65.
For the commentary stressing Marx's debt to the French socialists, see
