CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 323

NONUNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

Symbols used in this section are Vvelocity of flow in the open channel, ft/s
(m/s);Dccritical depth, ft (m); gacceleration due to gravity, ft/s^2 (m/s^2 );
Qflow rate, ft^3 /s (m^3 /s);qflow rate per unit width, ft^3 /ft (m^3 /m); and Hm
minimum specific energy, ftlb/lb (kgm/kg). Channel dimensions are in feet or
meters and the symbols for them are given in the text and illustrations.

F 1 = 1 – 1.7, Undular jump

F 1 = 1.7 – 2.5, Weak jump

oscillating jet

F 1 = 2.5 – 4.5, Oscillating jump

F 1 = 4.5 – 9.0, Steady jump

F 1 = Larger than 9.0, strong jump

FIGURE 12.17 Type of hydraulic jump depends on

Froude number.