388 INDEX
Bridge and suspension-cable formulas
(Cont.):
bearing on milled surfaces, 258
bridge fasteners, 258
cable systems, 272–273
composite construction in highway
bridges, 259
bending stresses, 260
effective width of slabs, 259
shear range, 260
span/depth ratios, 259
connectors, number of, 261
general relations for suspension
cables, 269–270
keeping strength at different
levels, 269-270
parabola, 268
supports at different levels,
269–270
supports at same level,
270–272
hybrid bridge girders, 256
load-and-resistance factor design,
250
for bridge beams, 256
for bridge columns, 250
maximum width/thickness ratios,
263
number of connectors in bridges,
261
ultimate strength of connectors,
262
rainwater accumulation on,
273
shear strength design for bridges,
249
stiffeners on bridge girders,
255
longitudinal stiffeners, 255
suspension cables,
263–273
catenary cable sag, 266
parabolic cable tension and
length, 263–266
Building and structures formulas,
207–248
allowable-stress design, 208
for building beams,
209–211
for building columns, 208
for shear in buildings, 214
bearing plates, 216
bents and shear in walls, 220
deflections of, 220
choosing most economic structural
steel, 239
carbon content, 240–241
column base plates, 217
combined axial compression or
tension and bending, 221
composite construction, 225
connectors, 226–228
design of stiffeners under load, 224
fasteners in buildings, 225
lightweight steel construction,
228–239
load-and-resistance factor design,
207
for building beams, 211–214
for columns, 209
for shear, 207
milled surfaces, bearing on, 218
number of connections required,
226
shear on connectors, 227
plate girders in buildings, 219
ponding considerations, 228
roof live loads, 244
seismic loads, 246
snow loads, 245
statically indeterminate forces, 241
stiffeners, 224
stresses in thin shells, 215
webs under concentrated loads,
222–224
wind loads, 245
Buttress dams, 353
foundations for, 354–356