10 Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture – Practices, sustainability and implications
by the development of breeding and grow-out technologies for new species and
their adoption by the commercial sector. Salmonid production showed a steady
increase until 2003 and more or less steady growth to date. Production of other
species, especially seabass and seabream, continues to expand as more eastern
Mediterranean countries adopt the technology and as prices recover from a slump
in 2002–2003. Future growth is unlikely to reflect historical trends, with a 10–15
percent increase from 2005 to 2015 considered realistic (Brugère and Ridler, 2004;
Huntington, 2009). Much of this growth will be from marine species such as cod
and halibut, as well as from expansion of Mediterranean seabass and seabream
farming. The main constraint to European aquaculture will be the lack of suitable
sites for sustainable development. Other factors are competition from lower cost
centres and access to fishmeal supplies in the face of increased competition from
Asia.- Americas: Various studies indicate that the future outlook and potential for growth
for the aquaculture industry within the region is bright (Masser and Bridger, 2006;
Rojas, Simonsen and Wadsworth, 2006; Flores-Nava, 2007), especially for the
continued growth of cage culture for salmonids and warmwater species such as
red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), mahi mahi (Coryphaena equiselis, also known as
pompano dolphinfish) and cobia (Rachycentron canadum). As elsewhere, there are
concerns over the expansion of high-value species, and conclusions were drawn
TABLE 3
Predicted production from capture fisheries and aquaculture (million tonnes)
Year 2000 2004 2010 2015 2020 2030
Information source statistics FAO a statisticsFAO b SOFIA 2004 c FAO studyd SOFIA 2004c SOFIA 2004c
Capture fisheries 95 96 93 105 93 93
Marine capture 86 87 87 87 87
Inland capture 9 9 6 6 6
Aquaculture 36 45 53 74 70 83
Total production 131 141 146 179 163 176
Foodfish production 96 (73%) 120 (82%) 138 (85%) 150 (85%)
Non-food use 35 (27%) 26 (18%) 26 (15%) 26 (15%)
Source: aFAO (2002); bFAO (2006a); cFAO (2005c); dFAO (2004a)TABLE 4
Regional share of total food-fish production, 1973–1997 (actual) and 2020 (projected)
Region Actual annual production (%) Projected (%)
1973 1985 1997 2020
EU-15 13 9 6 5
Eastern Europe and former USSR 17 14 5 4
China 10 13 36 41
Other Asia 17 19 21 21
Latin America 5 6 7 7
West Asia and northern Africa 1 2 2 2
Sub-Saharan Africa 4 4 4 5
United States of America 4 6 5 4
Japan 17 1 6 4
Others 12 13 8 7
Total 100 100 100 100
Source: Delgado et al. (2002)