Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture: practices, sustainability and implications

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Wild fish and other aquatic organisms as feed in aquaculture in Europe 263


An investigation might focus particularly on the Russian Federation, Romania,
Poland and Ukraine, which have traditionally been a keen market for small pelagic
products, as well as other emerging markets. Such an investigation would examine
why import levels have remained static over the last five years and determine the
sensitivity of price, stock availability and other key factors constraining trade. The
study should also recognize the recent falls in capelin availability and the likely
impact on investor confidence.


  • Food products for direct human consumption should be developed from
    species that are currently reduced to fishmeal and oils. These products should
    be economically competitive, appeal to European and export markets and be
    resistant to the cyclical nature of fishmeal and oil commodity pricing.

  • Plant and other substitutes for fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds should be further
    developed. These substitutes must be able to provide cost-effective alternatives to
    fish-based products, be acceptable to consumers and not generate sustainability
    issues in their own right.


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