Fish as feed inputs for aquaculture: practices, sustainability and implications

Status and trends on the use of small pelagic fish species in Peru 335

2.4.3 Measures regulating the exploitation of pelagic fish
Measures regulating the exploitation of anchoveta are applied in two large areas:

• between the north and the latitude 16°S (northern-central stock); and


• between latitude 16°S and the south (southern stock).
  The main regulatory measures are specific and include:


• quotas of permissible capture for periods and certain areas, based on information
  on the biological/fishery characteristics of the species;


• a short prohibited fishing season (three or five days) to protect juveniles (fish
  smaller than 12 cm);


• prohibited seasons during the periods of maximum spawning to protect
  recruitment, generally applied in February–March (secondary summer spawning)
  and August–September (main winter spawning); and


• regulation of fishing effort by limiting the number of vessels, the days of fishing
  and the processing capacity of the factories.

3. THE FISHING FLEET IN PERU
   The national fishing fleet includes: (a) the industrial fleet, comprised of fishing vessels
   with more than 32.6 m^3 of hold capacity (larger-scale steel vessels and smaller-scale
   wooden vessels); and (b) the artisanal fleet consisting of vessels with hold capacities of
   up to 32.6 m^3.

3.1 Industrial fleet
The development of fishing activities in Peru is strongly associated with the
development of the anchoveta fishery and the growth and evolution of the purse-
seiner fleet. As noted previously, approximately 90 percent of the fishery catches in the
Peruvian sea are anchoveta, which is almost exclusively directed to the fishmeal and
fish oil industry.
According to the Vice-ministry of Production of Peru (PRODUCE, 2006a), during
2005 the fishing fleet consisted of 1 345 vessels with fishing licenses, representing a
capacity of 227 448 m^3. Of the total, 1 217 units (91 percent) were purse seiners; 84 (6
percent) were trawling vessels and 44 (3 percent) were long liners (Figure 7).
The purse-seiner fleet (Figure 8) is comprised
of vessels with fishing licenses for the following
purposes:

• for foodfish, 25 vessels, with a holding
  capacity of 4 011 m^3 ;


• for feedfish, 559 vessels, with a holding
  capacity of 143 667 m^3 ; and


• for both foodish and feedfish, 633 vessels,
  with a holding capacity of 63 251 m^3.
  If a comparison is made between the type
  and number of vessels and catching capacity, it
  can be observed that, on the average, the vessels
  authorized to supply foodfish are much smaller than those dedicated to feedfish.
  Furthermore, the vessels in the purse-seiner fleet licensed for anchoveta as foodfish
  have 100 m^3 of hold capacity group (Table 6). In terms of vessel hold capacity range,
  245 vessels (80 percent of these units) register capacities between 32.6 and 50 m^3 and
  117 vessels have capacities between >50 and 100 m^3.^ Likewise, it can be observed that
  the fleet with larger holding capacity (> than 350 m^3 ) comprises 48 vessels, which are
  made of steel and have modern preservation systems such as Refrigerated Sea Water
  (RSW) and Chilled Sea Water (CSW) systems.

FIGURE 7

Distribution of main fishing fleets in Peru

Source: PRODUCE (2001, 2002, 2003a, 2004, 2005, 2006a)

Purs e

seiners

Trawling

vessels

Long liners

6.2% 3.3%

90.5%