der, die Studierende ‘student’
der, die Mitsingende ‘the person singing along’
der, die Nichtshabende ‘person who has nothing’
der, die Umziehende ‘person who is moving house’
(c) From the past participle (33.1). The past participle of transitive verbs (i.e. those that
take an accusative object) usually has a passive sense ( 40 ):
der, die Angeklagte ‘the accused’ (jmdn. an*klagen ‘to accuse sb.’)
das Vereinbarte ‘that which has been agreed’ (etw. vereinbaren ‘to
agree on sth.’)
See also 28.5 (p. 50).
The past participle of intransitive verbs (i.e. those that do not take an accusative object)
simply denotes an action which happened in the past:
der, die Umgezogene ‘person who (has) moved house’ (um*ziehen ‘to
move house’)
(d) Using the vowel changes in the strong verb pattern (see 33.5) to form masculine
nouns. The principal parts involved are the present tense stem, the simple past stem
and the past participle (see 33.9):Some nouns are formed using an additional vowel change:55 Forming adjectives
See also^43 (p. 118).
55.1 Using suffixes
(a) The following form adjectives from nouns:- bar ‘-able/-ible’
machbar ‘doable/viable’, erreichbar ‘reachable/attainable’, sichtbar
‘visible’
See also 40.4c (p. 105).
beginnen
springen
greifen
schneiden
sitzen
stehen
stoßeni – a – o
i – a – u
ei – i – i
ei – i – i
i – a – e
e – a – a
o – ie – o‘to begin’
‘to jump’
‘to grab’
‘to cut’
‘to be sitting’
‘to stand’
‘to push’der Beginn
der Sprung
der Griff
der Schnitt
der Sitz
der Stand
der Stoß‘beginning’
‘jump’
‘handle’
‘cut’
‘seat’
‘stand’
‘push/collision’brechen
fliegen
ziehen
schließeni – a – o
ie – o – o
ie – o – o
ie – o – o‘to break’
‘to fly’
‘to pull’
‘to close/to
conclude’der Bruch
der Flug
der Zug
der Schluss‘break/fracture’
‘flight’
‘train/draught’
‘conclusion/ending’55
Forming adjectives