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- I Letters and sounds PART A Structures
- 1 Vowels
- 2 Diphthongs
- 3 Consonants
- 4 Stress
- II Word order
- 5 Simple sentences and main clauses
- 6 Two main clauses
- 7 Direct questions and commands
- 8 Subordinate clauses
- 9 Indirect questions
- 10 Relative clauses
- 11 Order of adverbials
- 12 Noun and pronoun objects
- 13 Position of nicht
- 14 Position of reflexive pronouns
- 15 Flexible word order and emphasis
- III The case system
- 16 The cases
- 17 The nominative
- 18 The accusative
- 19 The dative
- 20 The genitive
- 21 Apposition
- IV Nouns
- 22 The article
- 23 Use of the articles
- 24 Determiners
- 25 Gender
- 26 Compound nouns and acronyms
- 27 Gender variations
- 28 Noun declensions
- 29 Plurals
- V Pronouns
- 30 Pronoun reference and forms
- 31 Other forms used as pronouns
- 32 Pronouns used after prepositions
- VI Verbs
- 33 Verb forms
- 34 Use of tenses
- 35 Modal verbs
- 36 Separable and inseparable verbs
- 37 Reflexive verbs
- 38 Prepositional verbs
- 39 The subjunctive
- 40 The passive
- 41 Imperatives
- 42 Basic sentence patterns: verbs and their completion
- VII Adjectives and adverbs
- 43 Predicative and attributive adjectives
- 44 Declension following der etc.
- 45 Declension following ein etc.
- 46 ‘Zero’ declension
- 47 Other adjective types
- 48 Comparison of adjectives
- 49 Extended adjectival phrases
- 50 Adverbs
- 51 Comparison of adverbs
- VIII Word structure and word formation
- 52 Principles of word formation
- 53 Forming verbs
- 54 Forming nouns
- 55 Forming adjectives
- 56 Forming adverbs
- 57 The meaning of verbal prefixes
- IX Style and orthography
- 58 Formal and informal style
- 59 Spelling and punctuation
- X Social contact Part B Functions
- 60 Greeting
- 61 Making introductions
- 62 Taking leave
- 63 Eating and drinking
- 64 Giving and receiving compliments
- 65 Expressing commiseration
- 66 Expressing good wishes
- 67 Giving and receiving thanks, expressing appreciation
- 68 Expressing apologies and regret
- XI Giving and seeking factual information
- 69 Talking and enquiring about existence
- 70 Talking and enquiring about absence and non-existence
- 71 Expressing and enquiring about availability
- 72 Talking about non-availability
- 73 Identifying and seeking identification
- 74 Describing people
- 75 Describing objects
- 76 Describing actions and processes
- 77 Avoiding describing the agent of processes and actions
- 78 Describing origins and provenance
- XII Putting events into a wider context
- 79 Giving reasons and purpose
- 80 Providing spatial context
- 81 Providing temporal context
- 82 Talking about cause and effect
- 83 Drawing conclusions with reference to sources
- 84 Referring to sources of information
- 85 Reporting other people’s words and claims
- 86 Expressing necessity
- 87 Expressing ability to do something
- 88 Conveying doubt and certainty
- and conditions 89 Expressing assumptions, discussing possibility, probability
- XIII Transactions: getting things done
- 90 Attracting attention
- 91 Helping and advising
- 92 Asking for something to be done
- 93 Expressing needs, wishes and desires
- 94 Expressing objections and complaints
- 95 Giving and seeking promises and assurances
- 96 Issuing, accepting and declining invitations and offers
- 97 Seeking, granting and denying permission
- 98 Making, accepting and declining suggestions
- 99 Issuing and responding to warnings
- XIV Conveying attitudes and mental states
- 100 Asserting and denying the truth of something
- 101 Expressing knowledge
- 102 Remembering and forgetting
- 103 Expressing future intentions
- 104 Expressing likes and dislikes: people, things and situations
- 105 Indicating preferences
- 106 Expressing indifference
- 107 Voicing opinion
- 108 Expressing firm convictions
- 109 Expressing agreement and disagreement
- 110 Talking about physical well being
- 111 Expressing happiness, fear and sadness
- 112 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction
- 113 Expressing hopes, wishes and disappointment
- 114 Expressing surprise
- 115 Expressing enjoyment and pleasure
- XV Communication strategies
- 116 Using fillers
- 117 Keeping the channel open
- 118 Asking for spoken linguistic cues
- 119 Shaping the course of a conversation
- 120 Turn-taking in conversations
- 121 Delivering monologues (formal speaking)
- Index