Another way to  determine   the value   of  a   carb    is  to  check   what’s  called  the
glycemic    index   (GI),   a   measuring   tool    that    determines  how long    it  takes   a   carb    to
be  digested.   You’re  looking for low glycemic    index   foods.  It’s    a   good    guide,
because  you     can     easily  see     that    choices     like    chickpeas   are     low,    while   baked
potatoes    are on  the higher  end.    That    doesn’t mean    potatoes    aren’t  good    for you,
as  we’ve   discussed,  but in  the spectrum    of  carbohydrates,  they    take    a   shorter
time    to  digest, and our goal    is  longer. (Learn  more    in  the Take    a   Load    Off box at
left.)
Fix-It  Functions:  While   carbohydrates   tend    to  be  the most    controversial   of
our nutrients,  there   is  good    evidence    to  suggest that    whole   grains  do  help    lower
the risk    of  diseases    associated  with    blood   pressure,   high    cholesterol,    and the like.
For example,    a   2013    Australian  review  of  studies looked  at  the effect  of  whole
grains  on  the body,   and found   that    eating  more    of  them    was associated  with    a
lower    incidence   of  heart   disease,    colon   cancer,     and     inflammation.   The     effect
could    be  related     to  fibre,  minerals,   or  other   characteristics     of  complex
carbohydrates.
The other   reason  why carbs   play    such    a   crucial role    in  your    health  revolves
around  the E   in  our FIXES   equation:   Energizing. The kinds   of  carbs   you choose
will    drive   how you feel    throughout  the day.    Eating  simple  sugars  and carbs   leads
to  extreme highs   and head-on-your-desk   crashes.    Complex carbohydrates   will
slow    down    your    body’s  digestion   and energy-distribution process so  that    you run
on  a   strong, steady  engine  all day.
THE WORST THING SINCE SLICED (WHITE)
BREAD . . .
White   bread   has become  a   public  health  enemy.  The slices  of  refined carbs
have     little  nutritional     value,  but     they    sure    are     convenient  vehicles    for
carrying    sandwich    innards,    so  we  eat a   lot of  them.   Modern  wheats  don’t
have    much    flavour or  nutritional value,  and sometimes,  even    wholewheat
products    are processed   so  quickly that    they    stimulate   an  aggressive  insulin
response.    I   buy     sprouted    grain   or  Ezekiel     bread   for     the     most    nutritional
punch.  It’s    tasty,  filling,    and has the complex carbs   that    give    you sustained
energy. Other   breads  worth   trying  are made    with    different   kinds   of  flour,
such    as  tapioca,    which   is  derived from    the yuca    plant,  and coconut.    The
history of  slicing our bread   is  actually    pretty  interesting.    American    inventor