GAAP, seeGenerally Accepted Accounting Practices
Gain-on-sale calculation, §21.6(g)
GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services),
§14.5(c)(iii)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),
§14.5(c)(iii)
annual IAS-national comparisons with, §16.13(b)
convergence of IAS and, §16.8(e)
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS),
§14.5(c)(iii)
Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP):
annual comparisons of IASs with, §16.13(b)
Canadian, §21.9(c)
Japanese, §21.9(b)
U.S., convergence of IAS and, §16.8(e)
General market risk charge, §8.6(a)(ii)
Geographic segments, disclosure of, §§13.6, 22.3(d)
Germany, §10.4
Global banking, §§1.2(b), 2.3. See alsoIntegration of
world financial markets
Goodwill:
amortization of, §4.4(a)(iii)
differences in accounting for, §12.6(h)
Gray market sales, §29.10
Greece,§10.12
Gross debt, net debt vs., §9.2(d)(vi)
Gross margins, §27.5
Gross misstatement penalty (transfer pricing), §29.3(b)
Harmonization:
of accounting principles, §§12.7, 12.8
of accounting within EU
auditing, §17.4
capital market enforcement, §17.5
and the Euro, §17.7
future of, §17.3(f)
history of, §17.3(a)
IFRS endorsement mechanism, §17.3(e)
impact of accounting directives, §17.3(b)
institutions related to, §17.2
taxation, §17.6
of auditing standards, §15.2
and ethical standards enforcement, §15.5(a)
Hedging:
FAS 133: accounting for derivatives
change in fair value, §19.8
definition of derivative, §19.4
forecast error risk, minimizing, §19.14
hedge documentation, §19.7
hedge types, §19.5
HET exceptions, §19.11
HET methodologies, §19.9
historical background, §19.2
measuring ineffectiveness, §19.10
minimizing ineffectiveness, §19.13
option hedging, §19.12
sample hedge documentation, §19.A
termination events, §19.6
financial vs. operating strategies for, §6.5(b)
foreign exchange/interest rate risk
customized instruments for, §7.12
with derivatives, §7.4
with forward contracts, §§7.3(a), 7.5-7.7
with forward rate agreements, §7.8
with interest rate caps and floors, §7.11
with interest rate swaps, §7.10
with long term loan contracts, §7.3(a)
with options contracts, §§7.5, 7.9
and volatility, §7.2
forward contracts for, §7.1(a)
futures contracts for, §7.1(b)
options contracts for, §7.1(c)
as wholesale banking activity segment, §2.3(a)(vii)
Highly effective tests (HETs), §§19.9, 19.11
Highly inflationary economy, §20.3
Historical cost, inflation and, §20.1
Historical equity risk premium approach, §9.2(b)(ii)
Historical market betas, §9.2(c)(i)
Historic market risk model, §8.5
Horizontal offsets:
between time zones, §8.6(a)(v)
within time zones, §8.6(a)(iv)
Hyperinflation:
characteristics of, §20.3
and functional currency, §30.6(d)
reporting in environment of
cost of sales, §27.4
gross margins, §27.5
management framework for, §27.2
operating expenses, §27.4
sales revenue, §27.3
IASB,seeInternational Accounting Standards Board
IASC,seeInternational Accounting Standards
Committee
IASs,seeInternational Accounting Standards
IFAD, seeInternational Forum on Accountancy
Development
IFE (International Fisher Effect), §6.3
IFRIC (International Financial Reporting
Interpretations Committee), §16.7(g)
IFRSs,seeInternational Financial Reporting Standards
Impairment,§12.6( j)
Implied equity premiums, §9.2(b)(viii)
Income statements:
converting, to U.S. basis, §25.7(b)(ii)
local currency-based, §25.7(b)(i)
Income taxes:
differences in accounting for, §12.6(f)
treaties, income tax, §30.8
Independence (of auditors), §15.6
India,§10.15
Industry segment disclosures, §13.6
Inflation:
accounting issues with, §20.12
and accounting standards/practices, §20.10
adjustments for
in Brazil, §20.9
in the Netherlands, §20.8
in the United States, §20.7
economic causes of, §20.4
future of accounting for, §20.13
highly inflationary economies, §20.3
hyperinflation, §20.3
long-range, §4.3(d)
managerial implications of, §20.5
for capital expenditure evaluations, §20.5(e)
for dividend policy, §20.5(j)
for financial projections, §20.5(b)
for financial strategies, §20.5(d)
for inventory valuation, §20.5(i)INDEX• 7