of financial services industry/systems, §2.3(a)
of wholesale banking activity, §2.3(a)
Services:
disclosure of, §22.3(d)
taxation of, §30.5(a)(ii)
Severance pay, §4.4(b)(iv)
SFAS 131, §§22.3(a), 22.4(e)
SIC codes, seeStandard Industrial Classification
codes
Singapore,§10.19
Social and ethical reporting:
disclosures, §23.3(c)
community, §23.3(c)(iii)
equal opportunities, §23.3(c)(ii)
verification, §23.3(c)(iv)
guidelines for, §23.3(b)
regulations for, §23.3(a)
Spain,§10.9
Special purpose vehicles (SPVs), §12.6(k)
Specific market risk charge, §8.6(a)(i)
SPVs (special purpose vehicles), §12.6(k)
Standards:
accounting
earnings and differences in, §9.3(a)(ii)
in emerging markets, §24.3(c)
international,seeInternational Accounting
Standards
auditing
attest function, §15.4
and auditor qualifications, §15.3
and audit reports, §15.7
ethical standards/enforcement, §15.5
fraud detection, §15.5(b)
harmonization of, §15.2
importance of, §15.2
independence of countries, §15.6
International Auditing Standards, §16.15
legal liability, §15.5(b)
core standards (IASC), §16.5(b)
ethical, enforcement of, §15.5(a)
for international accounting, seeInternational
Accounting Standards
International Financial Reporting Standards,
§§16.16, 17.3(e)
SEC reexamination of, §14.4(c)
for segmental disclosure, §§22.2, 22.3, 22.5
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes,
§§29.2(e), 29.15
Standards Advisory Council (SAC), §16.7(f)
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS)
131,§§22.3(a), 22.4(e)
Strategic planning, inflation and,§20.5(a)
Subsidiaries:
consolidated financial statements for, §18.5
foreign, of U.S. corporations
taxation of, §30.3(b)
translations for, §30.6(b)
unconsolidated, §4.4(d)(ii)
Subsidized financing, §4.3(e)
Substantial misstatement penalty (transfer pricing),
§29.3(a)
Substantial valuation net adjustment penalty (transfer
pricing),§29.3(d)
Sustainability reporting, §23.4
Switzerland,§10.3
Tangible property, taxes on use of, §30.5(a)(iii)
Taxation. See alsoTransfer pricing
classical system of, §30.2(b)
in European Union, §17.6
foreign currency issues in
for branches, §30.6(c)(i)
functional currency for QBUs, §30.6(a)
for hyperinflationary economies, §30.6(d)
for subsidiaries, §30.6(c)(ii)
transactions, §30.6(b)
translations, §30.6(c)
of foreign-owned businesses in U.S., §29.4
foreign tax credit, §30.4
international
classical system vs. integration, §30.2(b)
foreign currency issues in, §30.6
foreign tax credit, §30.4
income tax treaties, §30.8
for loans, §30.5(a)
methods of, §30.2(a)
parties subject to, §30.2(c)
rates, §30.2(e)
tax base determination, §30.2(d)
transfer pricing, §30.5
U.S. taxation of foreign operations, §30.3
and taxes as liability, §4.4(b)(ii)
U.S. taxation of foreign corporations, §30.7
branch profits tax, §30.7(c)
business income, §30.7(a)(ii)
investment income, §30.7(a)(i)
in U.S. trade or business, §30.7(b)
U.S. taxation of foreign operations
foreign branches of U.S. corporations, §30.3(a)
foreign subsidiaries of U.S. corporations, §30.3(b)
foreign tax credit, §30.4
Technical approach (exchange rate forecast),
§25.2(c)
Trading, §2.3(a)(iv)
Training (for auditors), §15.3(b)
Transaction exposure, §6.4(a)
Transfer of financial assets:
differences in accounting for, §12.6(k)
for securitization, seeSecuritization
Transfer pricing:
advance pricing agreements, §§29.5, 29.9
and attorney–IRS official alliances, §29.19
audit structure revision proposals, §29.6
basic information for, §29.1(e)
competent authority considerations, §29.9(b)
and corporate structure/goals, §29.11
as decision-making process, §29.1(a)
determining risk with, §29.1(c)
divisional tax accounting, §29.7(c)
documentation for, §29.2(f)
excess capacity issues, §29.8
foreign country participation in, §29.1(d)
for foreign-owned U.S. companies
database requirements, §29.4(c)
penalties on, §29.4(e)
reporting levels, §29.4(d)
reporting requirements, §29.4(b)
responsibilities imposed, §29.4(a)
functions employed comparison, §29.17
composite return on investment, §29.17(a)
economic adjustments, §29.17(d)INDEX• 13