Feist−Feist: Theories of
Personality, Seventh
EditionII. Psychodynamic
Theories- Jung: Analytical
Psychology
(^106) © The McGraw−Hill
Companies, 2009
feelings and intuitions that No. 1 personality did not perceive. In Memories, Dreams,
Reflections,Jung (1961) wrote of his No. 2 personality:
I experienced him and his influence in a curiously unreflective manner; when he
was present, No. 1 personality paled to the point of nonexistence, and when the
ego that became increasingly identical with No. 1 personality dominated the
scene, the old man, if remembered at all, seemed a remote and unreal dream.
(p. 68)
Between his 16th and 19th years, Jung’s No. 1 personality emerged as more domi-
nant and gradually “repressed the world of intuitive premonitions” (Jung, 1961, p.
68). As his conscious, everyday personality prevailed, he could concentrate on
school and career. In Jung’s own theory of attitudes, his No. 1 personality was ex-
traverted and in tune to the objective world, whereas his No. 2 personality was in-
troverted and directed inward toward his subjective world. Thus, during his early
school years, Jung was mostly introverted, but when the time came to prepare for a
profession and meet other objective responsibilities, he became more extraverted, an
attitude that prevailed until he experienced a midlife crisis and entered a period of
extreme introversion.
Jung’s first choice of a profession was archeology, but he was also interested
in philology, history, philosophy, and the natural sciences. Despite a somewhat aris-
tocratic background, Jung had limited financial resources (Noll, 1994). Forced by
lack of money to attend a school near home, he enrolled in Basel University, a school
without an archeology teacher. Having to select another field of study, Jung chose
natural science because he twice dreamed of making important discoveries in the
natural world (Jung, 1961). His choice of a career eventually narrowed to medicine.
That choice was narrowed further when he learned that psychiatry deals with sub-
jective phenomena (Singer, 1994).
While Jung was in his first year of medical school, his father died, leaving him
in care of his mother and sister. Also while still in medical school, Jung began to at-
tend a series of seances with relatives from the Preiswerk family, including his first
cousin Helene Preiswerk, who claimed she could communicate with dead people.
Jung attended these seances mostly as a family member, but later, when he wrote his
medical dissertation on the occult phenomenon, he reported that these seances had
been controlled experiments (McLynn, 1996).
After completing his medical degree from Basel University in 1900, Jung be-
came a psychiatric assistant to Eugene Bleuler at Burghöltzli Mental Hospital in
Zürich, possibly the most prestigious psychiatric teaching hospital in the world at
that time. During 1902–1903, Jung studied for 6 months in Paris with Pierre Janet,
successor to Charcot. When he returned to Switzerland in 1903, he married Emma
Rauschenbach, a young sophisticated woman from a wealthy Swiss family. Two
years later, while continuing his duties at the hospital, he began teaching at the Uni-
versity of Zürich and seeing patients in his private practice.
Jung had read Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams(Freud, 1900/1953) soon after
it appeared, but he was not much impressed with it (Singer, 1994). When he reread
the book a few years later, he had a better understanding of Freud’s ideas and was
moved to begin interpreting his own dreams. In 1906, Jung and Freud began a steady
correspondence (see McGuire & McGlashan, 1994, for the Freud/Jung letters). The
100 Part II Psychodynamic Theories