Exercises 117Concentrations of Solutions—Molarity
0 60.What is the molarity of a solution that contains 555 g of
phosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4 , in 3.00 L of solution?
0 61.What is the molarity of a solution that contains 4.50 g of
sodium chloride in 40.0 mL of solution?
0 62.How many grams of the cleansing agent Na 3 PO 4 (a) are
needed to prepare 250 mL of 0.50 Msolution, and (b) are
in 250 mL of 0.50 Msolution?
0 63.How many kilograms of ethylene glycol, C 2 H 6 O 2 , are
needed to prepare a 9.50 Msolution to protect a 14.0-L
car radiator against freezing? What is the mass of C 2 H 6 O 2
in 14.0 L of 9.50 Msolution?
0 64.A solution made by dissolving 16.0 g of CaCl 2 in 64.0 g
of water has a density of 1.180 g/mL at 20°C.
(a) What is the percent by mass of CaCl 2 in the solution?
(b) What is the molarity of CaCl 2 in the solution?
0 65.A solution contains 0.100 mol/L of each of the following
acids: HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4.
(a) Is the molarity the same for each acid?
(b) Is the number of molecules per liter the same for each
acid?
(c) Is the mass per liter the same for each acid?
0 66.What is the molarity of a barium chloride solution pre-
pared by dissolving 1.50 g of BaCl 2 2H 2 O in enough
water to make 600 mL of solution?
0 67.How many grams of potassium benzoate trihydrate,
KC 7 H 5 O 2 3H 2 O, are needed to prepare 1 L of a
0.250 Msolution of potassium benzoate?
0 68.Stock hydrofluoric acid solution is 49.0% HF and has a
specific gravity of 1.17. What is the molarity of the solu-
tion?
0 69.Stock phosphoric acid solution is 85.0% H 3 PO 4 and has
a specific gravity of 1.70. What is the molarity of the
solution?Dilution of Solutions
0 70.Commercial concentrated hydrochloric acid is 12.0 M
HCl. What volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid is
required to prepare 4.50 L of 2.25 MHCl solution?
0 71.Commercially available concentrated sulfuric acid is 18.0 M
H 2 SO 4. Calculate the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid
required to prepare 4.50 L of 2.25 MH 2 SO 4 solution.
0 72.Calculate the volume of 0.0600 MBa(OH) 2 solution that
contains the same number of moles of Ba(OH) 2 as 225 mL
of 0.0900 MBa(OH) 2 solution.
0 73.Calculate the volume of 4.00 MNaOH solution required
to prepare 200 mL of a 0.800 Msolution of NaOH.
0 74.Calculate the volume of pure water that dilutes 100. mL
of 12 MNaOH to 4.75 M.
0 75.In the laboratory preparation room is a reagent bottle that
contains 5.0 L of 12 MNaOH. Write a set of instructionsfor the production of 250 mL of 3.0 MNaOH from the
12 Msolution.Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions
0 76.Calculate the volume of a 0.225 Msolution of potassium
hydroxide, KOH, required to react with 0.215 g of acetic
acid, CH 3 COOH, according to the following reaction.KOHCH 3 COOH88nKCH 3 COOH 2 O0 77.Calculate the number of grams of carbon dioxide, CO 2 ,
that can react with 135 mL of a 0.357 Msolution of potas-
sium hydroxide, KOH, according to the following reac-
tion.2KOHCO 2 88nK 2 CO 3 H 2 O0 78.What volume of 0.246 MHNO 3 solution is required to
react completely with 38.6 mL of 0.0515 MBa(OH) 2?Ba(OH) 2 2HNO 3 88nBa(NO 3 ) 2 2H 2 O0 79.What volume of 0.55 MHBr is required to react com-
pletely with 0.80 mol of Ca(OH) 2?2HBrCa(OH) 2 88nCaBr 2 2H 2 O0 80.An excess of AgNO 3 reacts with 185.5 mL of an AlCl 3 so-
lution to give 0.325 g of AgCl. What is the concentration,
in moles per liter, of the AlCl 3 solution?AlCl 3 3AgNO 3 88n3AgClAl(NO 3 ) 30 81.An impure sample of solid Na 2 CO 3 is allowed to react with
0.1755 MHCl.Na 2 CO 3 2HCl88n2NaClCO 2 H 2 OA 0.2337-g sample of sodium carbonate requires 15.55 mL
of HCl solution. What is the purity of the sodium car-
bonate?
0 82.Calculate the volume of 12 MHCl that just reacts with
15 g of aluminum.
0 83.What volume of 18 MH 2 SO 4 do you need to measure in
order to neutralize 2 L of 5.35 MNaOH? The products
are sodium sulfate and water.
0 84.What volume of 0.0496 MHClO 4 reacts with 35.9 mL of
a 0.505 MKOH solution according to the following re-
action?KOHHClO 4 88nKClO 4 H 2 O*85.What is the molarity of a solution of sodium hydroxide,
NaOH, if 36.9 mL of this solution is required to react with
29.2 mL of 0.101 Mhydrochloric acid solution according
to the following reaction?HClNaOH88nNaClH 2 O