The Foundations of Chemistry

OUTLINE

Subatomic Particles

5-1 Fundamental Particles

5-2 The Discovery of Electrons

5-3 Canal Rays and Protons

5-4 Rutherford and the Nuclear

Atom

5-5 Atomic Number

5-6 Neutrons

5-7 Mass Number and Isotopes

5-8 Mass Spectrometry and Isotopic

Abundance

5-9 The Atomic Weight Scale and

Atomic Weights

The Electronic Structures of Atoms

5-10 Electromagnetic Radiation

5-11 The Photoelectric Effect

5-12 Atomic Spectra and the Bohr

Atom

5-13 The Wave Nature of the

Electron

5-14 The Quantum Mechanical

Picture of the Atom

5-15 Quantum Numbers

5-16 Atomic Orbitals

5-17 Electron Configurations

5-18 The Periodic Table and

Electron Configurations

OBJECTIVES

After you have studied this chapter, you should be able to

• Describe the evidence for the existence and properties of electrons, protons, and
  neutrons


• Predict the arrangements of the particles in atoms


• Describe isotopes and their composition


• Calculate atomic weights from isotopic abundance


• Describe the wave properties of light and how wavelength, frequency, and speed are
  related


• Use the particle description of light, and explain how it is related to the wave
  description


• Relate atomic emission and absorption spectra to important advances in atomic
  theory


• Describe the main features of the quantum mechanical picture of the atom


• Describe the four quantum numbers, and give possible combinations of their values for
  specific atomic orbitals


• Describe the shapes of orbitals and recall the usual order of their relative energies


• Write the electron configurations of atoms


• Relate the electron configuration of an atom to its position in the periodic table

Descriptions of waves play an
important role in our theories of

light and of atomic structure.