430 CHAPTER 11: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions II: Calculations
17.62 mL of a standardized 0.1060 Nsolution of NaOH.
(a) What is the normality of acetic acid in this vinegar?
(b) What is the mass of acetic acid contained in 1.000 L of
vinegar?
*50.Calculate the normality and molarity of an HCl solution
if 43.1 mL of the solution reacts with 0.318 g of Na 2 CO 3.2HClNa 2 CO 3 88n2NaClCO 2 H 2 O*51.Calculate the normality and molarity of an H 2 SO 4 solu-
tion if 40.0 mL of the solution reacts with 0.424 g of
Na 2 CO 3.H 2 SO 4 Na 2 CO 3 88nNa 2 SO 4 CO 2 H 2 OBalancing Redox Equations
In Exercises 52 and 53, write balanced formula unit equations for
the reactions described by words.
52.(a) Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aqueous
iron(II) chloride and gaseous hydrogen. (b) Chromium
reacts with sulfuric acid to form aqueous chromium(III)
sulfate and gaseous hydrogen. (c) Tin reacts with concen-
trated nitric acid to form tin(IV) oxide, nitrogen dioxide,
and water.
53.(a) Carbon reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid to form
carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and water. (b) Sodium
reacts with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide and
gaseous hydrogen. (c) Zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide
solution to form aqueous sodium tetrahydroxozincate and
gaseous hydrogen. (The tetrahydroxozincate ion is
[Zn(OH) 4 ]^2 .)
54.Balance the following equations. For each equation tell
what is oxidized, what is reduced, what is the oxidizing
agent, and what is the reducing agent.
(a) Zn(s)HClO 4 (aq)88nZn(ClO 4 ) 2 (aq)H 2 (g)
(b) K(s)H 2 O()88nKOH(aq)H 2 (g)
heat
(c) NaClO 3 (s)8888nNaCl(s)O 2 (g)
55.Balance the following equations. For each equation tell
what is oxidized, what is reduced, what is the oxidizing
agent, and what is the reducing agent.
heat
(a) Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (s)888nCuO(s)NO 2 (g)O 2 (g)
(b) Hg 2 Cl 2 (s)NH 3 (aq)88n
Hg()HgNH 2 Cl(s)NH 4 (aq)Cl(aq)
(c) Ba(s)H 2 O()88nBa(OH) 2 (aq)H 2 (g)
*56.Balance the following equations. For each equation tell
what is oxidized, what is reduced, what is the oxidizing
agent, and what is the reducing agent.
(a) MnO 4 (aq)H(aq)Br(aq)88n
Mn^2 (aq)Br 2 ()H 2 O()
(b) Cr 2 O 72 (aq)H(aq)I(aq)88n
Cr^3 (aq)I 2 (s)H 2 O()
(c) MnO 4 (aq)SO 32 (aq)H(aq)88n
Mn^2 (aq)SO 42 (aq)H 2 O()
(d) Cr 2 O 72 (aq)Fe^2 (aq)H(aq)88n
Cr^3 (aq)Fe^3 (aq)H 2 O()
*57.Balance the following ionic equations. For each equation
tell what is oxidized, what is reduced, what is the oxidiz-
ing agent, and what is the reducing agent.
(a) C 2 H 4 (g)MnO 4 (aq)H(aq) n
CO 2 (g)Mn^2 (aq)H 2 O()
(b) H 2 S(aq)H(aq)Cr 2 O 72 (aq) n
Cr^3 (aq)S(s)H 2 O()
(c) ClO 3 (aq)H 2 O()I 2 (s) n
IO 3 (aq)Cl(aq)H(aq)
(d) Cu(s)H(aq)SO 42 (aq) n
Cu^2 (aq)H 2 O()SO 2 (g)
*58.Balance the following ionic equations. For each equation
tell what is oxidized, what is reduced, what is the oxidiz-
ing agent, and what is the reducing agent.
(a) Al(s)NO 3 (aq)OH(aq)H 2 O n
Al(OH) 4 (aq)NH 3 (g)
(b) NO 2 (g)OH(aq) n
NO 3 (aq)NO 2 (aq)H 2 O()
(c) MnO 4 (aq)H 2 O()NO 2 (aq) n
MnO 2 (s)NO 3 (aq)OH(aq)
*59.Balance the following ionic equations. For each equation
tell what is oxidized, what is reduced, what is the oxidiz-
ing agent, and what is the reducing agent.
(a) Cr(OH) 4 (aq)OH(aq)H 2 O 2 (aq) n
CrO 42 (aq)H 2 O()
(b) MnO 2 (s)H(aq)NO 2 (aq) n
NO 3 (aq)Mn^2 (aq)H 2 O()
(c) Sn(OH) 3 (aq)Bi(OH) 3 (s)OH(aq) n
Sn(OH) 62 (aq)Bi(s)
(d) CrO 42 (aq)H 2 O()HSnO 2 (aq) n
CrO 2 (aq)OH(aq)HSnO 3 (aq)
*60.Balance the following ionic equations for reactions in acidic
solution. Hor H 2 O (but not OH) may be added as nec-
essary.
(a) Fe^2 (aq)MnO 4 (aq) nFe^3 (aq)Mn^2 (aq)
(b) Br 2 ()SO 2 (g) nBr(aq)SO 42 (aq)
(c) Cu(s)NO 3 (aq) nCu^2 (aq)NO 2 (g)
(d) PbO 2 (s)Cl(aq) nPbCl 2 (s)Cl 2 (g)
(e) Zn(s)NO 3 (aq) nZn^2 (aq)N 2 (g)
*61.Balance the following ionic equations for reactions in acidic
solution. Hor H 2 O (but not OH) may be added as nec-
essary.
(a) P 4 (s)NO 3 (aq) nH 3 PO 4 (aq)NO(g)
(b) H 2 O 2 (aq)MnO 4 (aq) nMn^2 (aq)O 2 (g)
(c) HgS(s)Cl(aq)NO 3 (aq) n
HgCl 42 (aq)NO 2 (g)S(s)
(d) HBrO(aq) nBr(aq)O 2 (g)
*62.Write the balanced net ionic equations for the reactions
given. Then, using the reactants shown in parentheses con-
vert each balanced net ionic equation to a balanced formula
unit equation.
(a) MnO 4 C 2 O 42 HnMn^2 CO 2 H 2 O
(KMnO 4 , HCl, and K 2 C 2 O 4 )
(b) ZnNO 3 HnZn^2 NH 4 H 2 O
(Zn(s) and HNO 3 )