432 CHAPTER 11: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions II: Calculations
*86.Find the volume of 0.250 MHI solution required to titrate
(a) 25.0 mL of 0.100 MNaOH
(b) 5.03 g of AgNO 3 (AgInAgI(s))
(c) 0.621 g CuSO 4 (2Cu^2 4In2CuI(s)I 2 (s))CONCEPTUAL EXERCISES*87.Describe how you could prepare 1.00 L of 1.00 10 ^6 M
NaCl solution by using a balance that can only measure
masses to 0.01 g.
*88.Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), along with many other reputed
properties, acts as an antioxidant. The following equation
illustrates its antioxidant properties.H 2 C 6 H 6 O 6 88nC 6 H 6 O 6 H 2neutralize 4750 L of solution containing 1.50 g of
Mg(OH) 2 per liter.
*92.Silver nitrate and calcium chloride solutions produce a heavy,
white precipitate when mixed. Chemical analysis indicates
that the precipitate is silver chloride. What mass of silver
chloride would be produced if 45 mL of 6.0 Msilver nitrate
is mixed with 45 mL of 6.0 Mcalcium chloride?
*93.A 0.500-g sample of a crystalline monoprotic acid was dis-
solved in sufficient water to produce 100. mL of solution.
Neutralization of the resulting solution required 75.0 mL
of 0.150 MNaOH. How many moles of the acid were
present in the initial acid solution?
*94.The typical concentration of HCl in stomach acid (diges-
tive juice) is a concentration of about 8.0 10 ^2 M. One
experiences “acid stomach” when the stomach contents
reach about 1.0 10 ^1 MHCl. One antacid tablet con-
tains 334 mg of active ingredient, NaAl(OH) 2 CO 3. Assume
that you have acid stomach and that your stomach contains- mL of 1.0 10 ^1 MHCl. Calculate the number of
mmol of HCl in the stomach and the number of mmol of
HCl that the tablet canneutralize. Which is greater? (The
neutralization reaction produces NaCl, AlCl 3 , CO 2 , and
H 2 O.)
95.Refer to Exercises 20 and 21. Notice that the percent by
mass of solute is nearly the same for both solutions. How
many moles of solute are present per liter of each solution?
Are the moles of solute per liter also nearly equal? Why
or why not?
96.The etching of glass by hydrofluoric acid may be repre-
sented by the simplified reaction of silica with HF.
SiO 2 (s)HF(aq)88nH 2 SiF 6 (aq)H 2 O()This is an acid–base reaction in which a weak acid is used
to produce an even weaker acid. Is it also an oxidation–
reduction reaction? Balance the equation.
*97.Write a Lewis formula for the anion SiF 62 that would be
produced from the weak acid H 2 SiF 6. Use the VSEPR the-
ory to predict the shape of SiF 62 .
*98.Baking soda, NaHCO 3 , used to be a common remedy for
“acid stomach.” What weight of baking soda would be
required to neutralize 85 mL of digestive juice, corre-
sponding in acidity to 0.17 MHCl?
*99.Oxalic acid, a poisonous compound, is found in certain veg-
etables such as spinach and rhubarb, but in concentrations
well below toxic limits. The manufacturers of a spinach
juice concentration routinely test their product using an
oxalic acid analysis to avoid any problems from an unex-
pectedly high concentration of this chemical. A titration
with potassium permanganate is used for the oxalic acid
assay, according to the following net equation.5H 2 C 2 O 4 2MnO 4 6H88n
10CO 2 2Mn^2 8H 2 OCalculate the molarity of an oxalic acid solution requiring
23.2 mL of 0.127 Mpermanganate for a 25.0 mL portion
of the solution.What is an antioxidant? Assign oxidation numbers. Is
vitamin C oxidized or reduced in this reaction?BUILDING YOUR KNOWLEDGE*89.For the formation of 1.00 mol of water, which reaction uses
the most nitric acid?
(a) 3Cu(s)8HNO 3 (aq) n
3Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)2NO(g)4H 2 O()
(b) Al 2 O 3 (s)6HNO 3 (aq) n2Al(NO 3 ) 3 (aq)3H 2 O()
(c) 4Zn(s)10HNO 3 (aq) n
4Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)NH 4 NO 3 (aq)3H 2 O()
*90.Limonite is an ore of iron that contains 2Fe 2 O 3 3H 2 O. A
0.5166-g sample of limonite is dissolved in acid and treated
so that all the iron is converted to ferrous ions, Fe^2 . This
sample requires 42.96 mL of 0.02130 Msodium dichro-
mate solution, Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 , for titration. Fe^2 is oxidized to
Fe^3 , and Cr 2 O 72 is reduced to Cr^3 . What is the per-
cent iron in the limonite? If your answer had been over
100% limonite, what conclusion could you make, presum-
ing that the analytical data are correct?
*91.One of the troublesome products of a water treatment plant
in some areas of the country is Mg(OH) 2 , a gelatinous pre-
cipitate formed during water softening. A suggestion was
made that instead of shoveling the precipitate out of the
pool during cleaning, the Mg(OH) 2 could be neutralized
with hydrochloric acid to produce a soluble compound,
MgCl 2. Then the pool could be flushed out with fresh
water. Calculate the volume of 12.0 MHCl necessary to