Chemistry, Third edition

172 11 · SOLUTIONS AND SOLUBILITY

Table 11.2Miscibility of common solvents. (Adapted, with

permission of Fisher Scientific UK from their 1996

The captain’s bet Chemicals Catalogue)

The captain of a sailing

ship challenged the leader

of his mutinous crew to a

bet, with the winner to

take the ship as prize. The

captain mixed oil and beer

in a large earthenware jug

and immediately poured

the mixture into two

pewter tankards. The

captain quickly picked up a

tankard and drank down its

contents in one go, but the

crewman was unable to

drink more than a

mouthful. Explain how the

captain won his bet.

Exercise 11A

Table 11.3Approximate solubilities of organic liquids in water,

and of water in organic liquids at 25 °C

Concentration/g per 100 g

Solvent Organic liquid Water in

in water phase organic phase

Hexane 0.001 0.01

Cyclohexane 0.01 0.01

Tetrachloromethane 0.08 0.008

Methyl benzene 0.074 0.03

Ethoxyethane 6.9 1.3

Trichloromethane 0.82 0.056

Ethyl ethanoate 8.7 3.3

Concentrations in two phases

Cyclohexane is mixed with pure water, producing two layers.

(i)Which liquid forms the top layer?

(ii)How much water is contained in 130 cm^3 of the cyclohexane layer?

Exercise 11B