Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution

Switchboard

Headwater

Level

Governor

To Switchyard

To Switchyard

Main

Transformer

Circuit

Breaker

Generator

Main Leads

Speed Signal

Generator

Excitation

Transformer

Upper Guide

Bearing

Intake

Gate

Penstock

Generator

Lower Guide Bearing

Thrust Bearing

Shaft Coupling

Packing Box

Wicket Gates

Spiral Case

Turbine Runner

Tailrace

Draft Tube

Tailwater

Level

Turbine Guide Bearing

Head Cover

Rotor

Excitation

and Voltage

Regulation

Control

Circuit

Breaker

Stator

FIGURE 4.1 Vertical Francis unit arrangement. (From IEEE Standard 1020, IEEE Guide for Control of Small
Hydroelectric Power Plants. Copyright IEEE. All rights reserved.)

To

Switchyard

Main

Transformer

Circuit

Breaker

Excitation

Transformer

Circuit

Breaker

Switchboard

Intake

Gate

Headwater

Level

Governor

Thrust

Bearing

Speed

Increaser

Rotor

Stator

Tailwater

Level

Turbine

Runner

Wicket Gates

Speed

Signal

Generator

Excitation

and Voltage

Regulation

Control

FIGURE 4.2 Horizontal axial-flow unit arrangement. (From IEEE Standard 1020, IEEE Guide for Control of Small
Hydroelectric Power Plants. Copyright IEEE. All rights reserved.)