Handbook of Civil Engineering Calculations

Calculation Procedure:

1. Describe how/ dummy piles may be used
   A pile made of reinforced concrete and built integrally with the pier is restrained against
   rotation relative to the pier. As shown in Fig. 19c, the fixed supports of pile AB may be re-
   placed with hinges provided that dummy piles AC and DE are added, the latter being con-
   nected to the pier by means of a rigid arm through D.


2. Compute the lengths of the dummy piles
   IfD is placed at the lower third point as indicated, the lengths to be assigned to the dum-
   my piles are

AL^3 AL^3

L' = — and L" = — (39)

Replace the given group of piles with its equivalent group, and follow the method of solu-
tion in the previous calculation procedure.

Economics of Cleanup Methods in Soil Mechanics

Many tasks in soil mechanics are hindered by polluted soil which must be cleaned before

foundations, tunnels, sluiceways, or other structures can be built. Four procedures pre-

sented here give the economics and techniques currently used to clean contaminated soil

sites. While there are numerous rules and regulations governing soil cleaning, these pro-

cedures will help the civil engineer understand the approaches being used today. With the

information presented in these procedures the civil engineer should be able to make an in-

telligent choice of a feasible cleanup method. And the first procedure gives the economics

of not polluting the soil—i.e., recycling polluting materials for profit. Such an approach

may be the ultimate answer to soil redmediation—preventing polution before it starts, us-

ing the profit potential as the motivating force for a "clean" planet.

RECYCLE PROFIT POTENTIALS

IN MUNICIPAL WASTES

Analyze the profit potential in typical municipal wastes listed in Table 2. Use data on
price increases of suitable municipal waste to compute the profit potential for a typical
city, town, or state.

Calculation Procedure:

1. Compute the percentage price increase for the waste shown
   Municipal waste may be classed in several categories: (1) newspapers, magazines, and
   other newsprint; (2) corrugated cardboard; (3) plastic jugs and bottles—clear or colored;
   (4) copper wire and pipe. Other wastes, such as steel pipe, discarded internal combus-
   tion engines, electric motors, refrigerators, air conditioners, etc., require specialized han-
   dling and are not generated in quantities as large as the four numbered categories. For