Contemporary Conflict Analysis in Perspective 45113 See King, op cit, p 29.
114 Forum on Early Warning and Early Response (FEWER), op cit, p 3. < www
fewer.org/research/index.htm>. See also The Norman Paterson School of
International Affairs Counhy indicaton for foreign policy risk assessment indicator
definition, November 2001, p 4. <\vww.fewerorg/research/index.htm >
115 Among others, see for example the work developed by the Forum on Early Nbmhg
and Early Response (FEWER), FAST (Swiss Peace Foundation), the Clingendael
Institute or the Centre for International Development and Conflict Management
(CIDCM) at the University of Maryland. For a useful comparison of the method-
ologies used by these projects refer to The Norman Paterson School of International
Affairs, Country indicators for foreign policy methodology, data descriptions, data
sources. November 2001. < ~?vw.fewer.org/research/index.htm >
116 See S Ampleford with D Carment, G Conway & A Ospina. Countql indicators for
foreign policy: Risk assessment template. Draft version, The Norman Paterson
School of International Affairs, FEWER, August 2001, p 4. <mww.fewer.org/
research/index.htm >
117 Supra 523.
118 In this respect Ronald Fisher posits that "it follows that the central unit of analy-
sis in protracted social conflict is the identitygroup [sic], defined in ethnic. racial,
religious, linguistic, or other terms, for it is through the identity group that com-
pelling human needs are expressed in social and often in political terms.
Furlhermore, communal identity itself is dependent upon the satisfaction of basic
needs for security, recognition, and distributive justice': R Fisher, interacticrecon-
flict resolution, Syracuse University Press. Syracuse New York. 1997. p 5.
119 E E Azar, Protracted international conflicts: Ten propositions. Conflict: Readings
in management and resolution, J Bunon & F Dukes (eds), MacMillan Press Ltd,
1990, pp 147-148 from E E. Azar, Protracted international conflicts: Ten pmposi-
tions, International conflict resolution: Theory and practice, E Azar & J Bunon
(eds), Lynne Rienner Publishers, England, Boulder, CO, 1986.
120 Ibid, p 146
121 In this respect see inter alia J W Burton, Resolving deep-rooted conflict, a hand-
book. University Press of America, Boston. 1987. At the root of John Bunon's
'facilitative problem-solving' approach to resolving conflicts is human needs the
ory. In his words, "The theory of human needs, which was built on the work of
Maslow and others, stressed values that could not be curbed, socialised or nego-
tiated, contrary to earlier assumptions ... as these needs of security, identity and
human development are universal, and because their fulfillment is not depend-
ent on limited resources, it follows that conflict resolution with win-win out-
comes is possible." Op cit. p 16.
122 Kriesberg, op tit, p 68. This author adds that '"we are primarily concerned with
understanding how conflict groups become conscious of themselves as groups.
come to perceive that they have grievances, and formulate goals that would
lessen their dissatisfaction at the apparent expense of another party".
123 Mitchell, op cit, p 33.
124 An up-dated version of this book is entitled L Kriesberg, Constnulive conflins.
From escalation to resolution, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. New York. 1998.