the palace and the church of San Petronio broke down, but the Emperor escaped an accident. Clothed
in a richly jewelled robe, he was anointed with oil, and received from the bishop of Rome the crown
of Charlemagne as the temporal head of Western Christendom, and swore to protect the Pope and
the Roman-Catholic Church with their possessions, dignities, and rights.^948
This event was the sunset of the union of the German empire with the papal theocracy.
The German electors complained that they were not invited to the coronation, nor consulted
about the treaties with the Italian States, and entered a formal protest.
Early in May, 1530, the Emperor crossed the Alps on his way to the Diet of Augsburg,
which was to decide the fate of Lutheranism in Germany.
CHAPTER IX.
THE DIET AND CONFESSION OF AUGSBURG. A.D. 1530.
§ 117. The Diet of Augsburg.
I. Sources. Collection in Walch, XVI. 747–2142. Luther’s Letters of the year 1530, in De Wette,
vol. IV. Melanchthon’s Letters in the "Corpus Reformatorum," ed. Bretschneider and Bindseil,
vol. II., and documents relating to the Augsb. Conf. in vol. XXVI. Spalatin, Annal., ed. by
Cyprian, 131–289. The Roman Cath. representation: Pro Religione Christiana Res Gestae in
Comitiis Augustae Vindelicorum habitis, 1530, reprinted in Cyprian’s Historie der Augsb.
Conf. Brück wrote a refutation published by Förstemann, "Archiv für Ref. Gesch.," 1831.
Collection of documents by Förstemann: Urkundenbuch zu der Gesch. des Reichstages zu
Augsburg in J. 1530. Halle, 1833, ’35, 2 vols. By the same: Neues Urkundenbuch, Hamburg,
- Schirrmacher: Briefs und Acten zur Gesch. des Religionsgesprächs zu Marburg, 1529,
und des Reichstages zu Augsburg, 1530, nach der Handschrift des Aurifaber, Gotha, 1876.
II. Histories of the Augsburg Diet and Confession. See list in "Corp. Ref." XXVI. 101–112. D.
Chytræus (Kochhafe): Historie der Augsb. Conf., Rostock, 1576, Frcf. 1577, 1578, 1600. G.
Coelestin: Hist. Comitiorum a. 1530 Augustae celebratorum, Frcf. 1577, 4 vols. fol. E. Sal.
Cyprian: Hist. der Augsb. Conf., Gotha, 1730. Cur. A. Salig: Historie der Augsb. Conf. und
derselben Apologie, Halle, 1730–35, in 3 parts. Weber: Vollständige Gesch. der Augsb. Conf.,
Frcf. 1783–84, 2 vols. Planck: Gesch. des protest. Lehrbegriff’s (Leipz. 1792), vol. III. I. 1–178.
Fickenscher: Gesch. des Reichstages zu Augsb. 1530, Nürnb. 1830. Pfaff: Gesch. des Reichstags
zu Augsburg, 1530, Stuttg. 1830. Add special works on the Augsb. Conf. mentioned in § 119.
III. The relevant sections in the general Church Histories of Schroeckh, Mosheim, Gieseler, etc.;
in the Histories of the Reformation by Marheineke, Hagenbach, Merle D’aub., Fisher; in the
general Histories of Germany by Ranke (Prot.), vol. III. 162–215, and Janssen (Rom. Cath.),
vol. III. 165–211. Also the numerous Lives of Luther (e.g., Köstlin, Book VI., chs. XI. and
XII., vol. II. 198 sqq.), and Melanchthon (e.g., C. Schmidt, 190–250).
(^948) How has the situation changed since! In the same once papal city where the Emperor was crowned by the Pope with all the splendor
of the Catholic ceremonial, the eighth centennial of the University—the oldest in the world ("Bononia docet")—was celebrated June
11-13, 1888, in the presence of the King and Queen, with unbounded enthusiasm for free and united Italy, which has shaken off the yoke
of petty tyrants, and is determined to resist all attempts at a restoration of the temporal power of the papacy. The Italians are willing to
take their religion from the Pope, but not their politics. Practically, church and state are almost as separate in Italy, since 1870, as in the
United States.