CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOK

Carboxylic acids

Aldehydes

Structure

Trivial name

IUPAC name

Structure

Trivial name

IUPAC name

H - COOH

Formic acid

Methanoic acid

H-CHO

Formaldehyde

Methanal

CH

• COOH 3

Acetic acid

Ethanoic acid

CH

-CHO 3

Acetaldehyde

Ethanal

CH

• CH 3


• COOH 2

Propionic acid

Propanoic acid

CH

-CH 3

-CHO 2

Propionaldehyde

Propanal

CH

• CH 3


• CH 2


• COOH 2

n-Butyric acid

Butanoic acid

CH

-CH 3

-CH 2

-CHO 2

Butyraldehyde

Butanal

(CH

) 32

CH - COOH

Isobutyric acid ( α

• methylpropionic
  acid)

2-Methylpropanoic acid

(CH

) 32

CH-CHO

Isobutyrlaldehyde (α

• methylpropionaldehyde)

2 - Methylpropanal

CH

= CH - COOH 2

Acrylic acid

Prop-2-enoic acid

CH

=CH-CHO 2

Acrolein

Prop-2-enal

HOOC - COOH

Oxalic acid

Ethanedioic acid

CHO-CHO

Oxaldehyde (Glyoxal)

Ethanedial

COOH

Benzoic acid (Benzenecarboxylic acid)

Benzoic acid

CHO

Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde(Benzenecarbaldehyde)

COOHCH

3

o-Toluic acid

2-Methylbenzoic acid

CHOCH

3

o-Tolualdehyde

2-Methylbenzaldehyde

COOHOH

Salicyclic acid

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid

CHOOH

Salicylaldehyde

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

COOHCOOH

Phthalic acid

Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid

CHOCHO

Phthalaldehyde

Benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde

COOH

Cyclohexylcarboxylic acid

Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

CHO

Cyclohexane aldehyde

Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde

Table 12.1 Trivial and IUPAC names of carboxylic acids and aldehydes