business. It is a part of the very nature of business, itseH,
for business is almost totally a competitive, aggressive
struggle to achieve superiority or often even to survive.
Nevertheless, the elimination of as much busi-
ness frustration as possible is one of the first orders of our
time. This must be done or the internal friction it is causing
will grind our business machine to pieces. High rewards
will go to those who can reduce the frustrations within a
business or turn those frustrations into non-aggressive chan-
nels.
Already much is being done to give competition
in the market place a "game image" to relieve some of
the frustrations, tensions and pressures of what some sales
executives call "survival combat".But perhaps the most dramatic example that
"aggression is always a consequence of frustration" is found
in the open aggression of minority groups, such as some
Negroes in the United States. Here is the perfect example
of almost every kind of frustration being accumulated and
compounded over many years, until the inevitably resulting
aggression has crashed upon the American scene with the
release of pent-up hostility, uncompromising demands, pro-
vocative demonstrations, threats of violence and numerous
riots.
Such mass aggression gives birth to leadership
which escalates the group frustrations. Some leaders do this
with social responsibility and exhortations to non-violence.
Other leaders take advantage of the emotional extremism
of the type of followers they attract and incite violent