interpolation, bicubic Two-dimensional cubic interpolation of pixel values based on the
16 pixels in a 4- ×4-pixel neighborhood.interpolation, bilinear An enlargement in output pixel values is calculated from a weighted
average of pixels in the nearest 2 ×2 neighborhood.interpolation, nearest neighbor An enlargement by copying pixels into the spaces created
when the original pixels are spread apart to make a bigger image, just like film grains under an
enlarger.ISO Named after the organization that defined this standard, it’s a numerical rating that indicates
the relative sensitivity to light of an image sensor or photographic film. A higher ISO number repre-
sents a greater sensitivity to light and requires less exposure than a lower ISO number does.J–K–L
jaggies The stair-step effect in diagonal lines, or curves that are reproduced digitally.
JPEG Also known as JPG and .jpg, it’s a popular digital camera file format that uses lossy com-
pression to reduce file sizes. It was developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group.JPEG-2000 A JPEG compression standard that uses a totally different approach to compression
to obtain a higher compression ratio without losing image quality. Created specifically for digital
cameras and imaging software, it was supposed to become the new standard starting in 2001, but it
is still far from universal among digital cameras. A JPEG-2000 file typically has an extension of .jp2.lag time The time between pushing the shutter button and when the exposure is made by the
camera.LCD A liquid crystal display is the most prevalent technology used on digital cameras to view and
preview digital photos.lithium-ion batteries A long-lasting, rechargeable battery technology used in digital cameras;
lithium is the lightest metal and has the highest electromechanical potential.long lens A telephoto lens.
lossless See compression, lossless.
lossy See compression, lossy.
M
macro mode A lens mode that allows focusing on objects only inches away.
main flash The flash fired after the preflash when the shot is actually taken.
megapixel An image or image sensor with about one million pixels.
memory card (Alsoflash memory.) A removable microchip device used to store images by
most digital cameras. Unlike a computer’s RAM, this card retains data even without electricity. Six
main types of memory cards are in use today: CompactFlash, SmartMedia, Secure Digital, Memory
Stick, Multimedia Cards (MCC), and xD Picture Cards.(^208208) GLOSSARY