Tropical Forest Community Ecology

Table 13.1

Continued

Habitat

Country

Field site

Tested fordensity-,distance-dependencyor both

# speciesstudied

% of speciesthat showeddistance-dependencyconsistentwith theJ–C hypothesis

% of speciesthat showeddensity-dependencyconsistentwith theJ–C hypothesis

Type ofevidence

Developmentalstage

Citation

Terra firmeforest

Panama

BCI

Distance

1

100%

N/A

Observational

Seeds andseedlings

Wright andDuber (2001)

Terra firmeforest

Panama

BCI

Distance

1

100%

N/A

Experimental

Seeds

Wright (1983)

Floodplainforest

Peru

Manu

Distance

2

100%

N/A

Observational

Seeds andseedlings

Wyatt andSilman (2004)

N/A

=

not applicable.

Notes:1 – Lowland

terra firme

tropical forest.

2 – Lowland seasonal tropical forest.3 – Montane tropical forest.4 – Lowland floodplain tropical forest.5 – Swampy area of subtropical moist forest.6 – Subtropical and tropical evergreen moist forest.7 – Cool temperate deciduous forest.8 – Limestone outcrop with montane climate

.

9 – Barro Colorado Island, Panama.10 – Only 2 species are studied in depth.11 – Species studied in different analyses.12 – 544 in Pasoh,188 in BCI.13 – 100 species from each plot.14 – But only 11 species discussed in depth.15 – Species number is unlisted.16 – A higher percentage of large trees (35%)

showed repelled recruitment than medium (17%) or

small trees (11%) or shrubs (7%).

17 – Survivorship: 18% (2 of 11 species). Growth: 55%

(6 of 11 species). Recruitment: 33% (27 of 81 total

species).

18 – Results inconsistent. Seedling survivorship

increased with distance at local scales, but was significantly

lower in the extended tail distribution (1.8 km from the

parental tree).

19 – But only for one of the two years of the

study.

20 – But only at the closest distance to the adult.21 – For youngest age class and closest distance

category only.

22 – The probability of seedling survivorship increased

with proximity to adult females.

23 – But only early in the seed to seedling transition

(seedlings <2 months old) and only in the highest

density plantings.

24 – Field experiment: 100% (1 of 1), Shadehouse

experiment: 75% (6 of 8).

25 – 27% for species-level analyses (4 of 15 species).

In community-level analysis, seedling mortality

was directly related to species abundance (149

species).

26 – Tested against adult density.27 – Analyses were conducted at the community-le

vel. Conspecific density does not affect mortality

in these species. Recruitment, however, is consis

tent with Janzen–Connell

density-dependency.